. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2010 Jul;94(1):22–31. doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.31620

Table 1.

Designations and descriptions dental composites examined along with experiments performed on each sample type and statistical significance of results

Designation	Composite Description	Experiments Performed	Statistical Significance of Results
Ag control	Negative control with 1% (w/w) AgNO₃ in microhybrid composite	Used in all experiments except kinetic measurement of bacterial growth	No bacterial growth or significantly less biofilm (p=0.003) when compared to other groups
10% ZnO-NP	10% uncoated ZnO-NPs blended into microhybrid	Used in all experiments	Significant biofilm inhibition when compared to other groups except Ag control
5% ZnO-NP	5% uncoated ZnO-NPs in microhybrid	Used in all experiments	Significant biofilm inhibition when compared to unmodified (p=0.025)
1% ZnO-NP	1% uncoated ZnO-NPs blended into microhybrid	Used in all experiments	No inhibition in bacterial growth or in biofilm
1% polar ZnO-NP	Polar ZnO-NPs blended at 1% into microhybrid	Used in biofilm inhibition study	No inhibition in bacterial growth and biofilm, similar to that 1% ZnO-NPs (p>0.05)
1% nonpolar ZnO-NP	Nonpolar coated ZnO- NPs blended at 1% into microhybrid	Used in biofilm inhibition study	No biofilm inhibition. Instead, significantly increased biofilm growth
unmodified	Unmodified commercial microhybrid composite without any NPs or Ag	Used in all experiments	Neither inhibition in bacterial growth nor in biofilm
unmodified nanofilled	Unmodified commercial nanofilled composite without any NPs or Ag	Used in main biofilm inhibition study and in preliminary studies comparing ZnO-NP to TiO₂-NP incorporation	Neither inhibition in bacterial growth nor in biofilm
10% ZnO-NP- nanofilled	10% (w/w) uncoated ZnO-NPs blended into nanofilled	Used in preliminary studies comparing ZnO-NPs to TiO₂- NPs	Significant biofilm inhibition when compared to nanofilled (p=0.045), and 10% TiO₂- NP-nanofilled (p=0.021)
10% TiO₂-NP- nanofilled	10% (w/w) TiO₂-NP blended into nanofilled	Used in preliminary studies comparing ZnO-NPs to TiO₂- NPs	No significant biofilm inhibition when compared to unmodified nanofilled (p>0.05)