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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jun 5.

Published in final edited form as: Stroke. 2008 Mar 6;39(6):1688–1693. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.505305

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of study participants by smoking status

Characteristics	Men			Women
Characteristics	Never-Smokers	Former Smokers	Current Smokers	Never-Smokers	Former Smokers	Current Smokers
No. of participants	28191	2965	44978	68198	568	10231
Age, mean (SD), yrs	57.3 (11.1)	60.9 (10.3)^**	54.2 (9.9)^**	55.7 (11.0)	64.2 (9.9)^**	59.3 (9.5)^**
≥High school education, %	38.8	29.8^**	26.4^**	18.5	5.3^**	9.7^**
Alcohol consumption, %	19.1	36.3^**	49.0^**	1.8	7.6^**	9.2^**
Physical inactivity, %	46.9	67.1^**	32.7^**	34.2	43.7^**	38.9^**
BMI, mean (SD), kg/m²	23.1 (3.5)	22.6 (3.7)^**	22.0 (3.2)^**	22.8 (3.9)	22.9 (4.7)	22.4 (4.2)^**
Systolic BP, mean (SD), mmHg	128.4 (21.4)	132.1 (23.9)^**	125.2 (20.6)^**	126.7 (23.9)	136.1 (28.0)^**	129.6 (24.4)^**
Diastolic BP, mean (SD), mmHg	79.9 (12.0)	79.2 (13.1)^*	78.1 (12.0)^**	76.5 (12.2)	76.7 (14.2)	77.1 (12.7)^**
Diabetes, %	2.7	3.2	1.6^**	2.1	4.0^*	2.5^*
Cardiovascular disease, %	4.3	8.5^**	2.5^**	2.6	6.7^**	4.6^**
North, %	70.6	50.8^**	66.2^**	61.3	60.0	82.7^**
Urban, %	72.6	73.3	57.2^**	58.2	66.6^**	63.2^**

^*

P<0.01

^**

P<0.0001 for X² test or ANOVA, compared with never-smokers.

SD = Standard deviation