Table 1.
Sample characteristics at Exam Year 20 (2005–06) of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study, by gender [mean/% (SE)]
| Men | Women | Significancea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 1172 | 1545 | |
| Age (mean) | 45.2 (0.1) | 45.1 (0.1) | 0.405 |
| White race (%) | 60.2 (1.4) | 52.6 (1.3) | <0.001 |
| Education (%) | 0.014 | ||
| ≤ High school | 39.8 (1.4) | 35.6 (1.2) | |
| Some college | 39.9 (1.4) | 45.5 (1.3) | |
| Grad/professional | 20.3 (1.2) | 18.9 (1.0) | |
| Household income tertile (%) | <0.001 | ||
| 1 (≤$42.5k) | 27.6 (1.3) | 36.9 (1.2) | |
| 2 ($62.5–87.5k) | 35.2 (1.4) | 35.0 (1.2) | |
| 3 (≥$150) | 37.3 (1.4) | 28.2 (1.1) | |
| Alcohol (%) | <0.001 | ||
| None | 37.1 (1.4) | 51.8 (1.3) | |
| <Median (>0 to <12 mL/day) | 24.7 (1.3) | 26.0 (1.1) | |
| >Median (>12 mL/day) | 38.1 (1.4) | 22.2 (1.1) | |
| Physical activity w/out walking or cycling (%) | <0.001 | ||
| None | 2.4 (0.4) | 6.4 (0.6) | |
| <Median | 35.9 (1.4) | 55.0 (1.3) | |
| >Median | 61.7 (1.4) | 38.6 (1.2) | |
| No live-in partner (%) | 31.5 (1.4) | 38.6 (1.2) | <0.001 |
| Children (%) | 0.001 | ||
| None | 48.2 (1.5) | 45.9 (1.3) | |
| Young (<12 years) | 38.7 (1.4) | 35.7 (1.2) | |
| Older (12–17 years) | 13.1 (1.0) | 18.4 (1.0) | |
| Employment (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Not employed | 12.6 (1.0) | 21.4 (1.0) | |
| Part time | 6.3 (0.7) | 15.7 (0.9) | |
| Full time | 81.1 (1.1) | 63.0 (1.2) | |
| “Walk-only” to any amenity (%) | 44.0 (1.5) | 41.6 (1.3) | 0.197 |
| “Any cycling” to any amenity (%) | 18.6 (1.1) | 10.9 (0.8) | <0.001 |
| “Other” modes to any amenity (%) | 19.5 (1.2) | 23.4 (1.1) | 0.014 |
| “Car-only” to all amenities (%) | 45.3 (1.5) | 51.8 (1.3) | 0.001 |
| BMI (mean, kg/m2) | 28.6 (0.2) | 29.3 (0.2) | 0.0088 |
| Waist circumference (mean, cm) | 95.9 (0.4) | 87.3 (0.4) | <0.001 |
| Fitness (mean, sec) | 514.4 (4.2) | 366.2 (3.7) | <0.001 |
| Lifetime CHD risk classification (%) | <0.001 | ||
| All optimal risk factorsb | 16.1 (1.1) | 24.5 (1.1) | |
| ≥1 not optimal risk factorc | 20.2 (1.2) | 19.5 (1.0) | |
| ≥1 elevated risk factord | 33.6 (1.4) | 29.6 (1.2) | |
| ≥1 major risk factore | 30.2 (1.4) | 26.4 (1.1) |
Significance between genders, per chi-square or t-test for categoric and continuous variables, respectively. Bold font indicates significant (p<0.05).
Defined as total cholesterol<180 mg/dL, systolic blood pressure<120 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure<80 mmg Hg, nonsmoker, and nondiabetic.
Defined as total cholesterol 180–199 mg/dL, systolic blood pressure 120–139 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure 80–89 mmg Hg, nonsmoker, and nondiabetic.
Defined as total cholesterol 200–239 mg/dL, systolic blood pressure 140–159 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure 90–99 mmg Hg, nonsmoker, and nondiabetic. Measures <major classification were classified as elevated if related medication reported in Year 20.
Defined as total cholesterol>240 mg/dL, systolic blood pressure ≥160 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥100 mm Hg, smoker, or diabetic.