Table 2.
Odds ratios for sociodemographic predictors of active transit (walking-only or any cycling versus car only) to neighborhood amenitiesa [OR (95% CI)b] among those who used each type of neighborhood amenity
| Recreational facility | Park | |||
| Walk only | Any cycling | Walk only | Any cycling | |
| High physical activity (low)c | 1.12 (0.73, 1.73) | 1.52 (0.82, 2.82)d | 1.07 (0.82, 1.40) | 1.75 (1.24, 2.47)* |
| Male (female) | 1.59 (1.04, 2.45)* | 4.20 (2.29, 7.71)* | 1.29 (0.98, 1.70) | 1.91 (1.35, 2.71)* |
| White (black) | 1.41 (0.88, 2.24) | 1.49 (0.80, 2.79) | 1.80 (1.35, 2.39)* | 2.36 (1.62, 3.43)* |
| No live in partner (live-in) | 1.84 (1.09, 3.13)* | 0.59 (0.27, 1.29)d | 1.60 (1.15, 2.23)* | 1.27 (0.81, 1.98) |
| Young children (no children) | 0.50 (0.30, 0.85)* | 0.74 (0.37, 1.46) | 0.63 (0.45, 0.87)* | 1.38 (0.92, 2.08) |
| Older children (no children) | 0.83 (0.46, 1.50) | 0.78 (0.33, 1.84)d | 0.81 (0.54, 1.20) | 0.86 (0.50, 1.47)d |
| >High school/equivalent (≤high school/equivalent) | 1.04 (0.65, 1.67) | 1.42 (0.73, 2.75)d | 1.26 (0.94, 1.69) | 1.81 (1.22, 2.68)* |
| >Median ($87.5k) household income (≤median) | 0.78 (0.46, 1.32) | 0.53 (0.27, 1.04) | 1.71 (1.24, 2.36)* | 1.64 (1.10, 2.45)* |
| <Full-time employment (full time) | 2.04 (1.30, 3.20)* | 2.17 (1.15, 4.06)* | 1.66 (1.23, 2.24)* | 1.30 (0.88, 1.93) |
| Grocery Store | Fast food restaurant | |||
| Walk only | Any cycling | Walk only | Any cycling | |
| High physical activity (low)c | 0.99 (0.72, 1.36) | 1.35 (0.87, 2.11) | 1.39 (0.94, 2.05) | 2.42 (1.24, 4.70)* |
| Male (female) | 1.63 (1.19, 2.24)* | 1.76 (1.13, 2.76)* | 2.33 (1.58, 3.43)* | 2.38 (1.24, 4.58)*d |
| White (Black) | 0.88 (0.63, 1.23) | 1.88 (1.14, 3.10)* | 0.71 (0.48, 1.07) | 1.48 (0.78, 2.81) |
| No live in partner (live-in) | 1.91 (1.33, 2.74)* | 1.20 (0.69, 2.06) | 2.43 (1.55, 3.79)* | 3.24 (1.52, 6.90)* |
| Young children (no children) | 0.54 (0.37, 0.80)* | 1.09 (0.65, 1.81) | 0.63 (0.39, 1.02) | 2.31 (1.09, 4.90)*d |
| Older children (no children) | 0.64 (0.40, 1.02) | 0.79 (0.39, 1.61) | 0.62 (0.34, 1.14) | —e |
| >High school/equivalent (≤high school/equivalent) | 1.02 (0.73, 1.41) | 1.36 (0.82, 2.23) | 1.14 (0.78, 1.68) | 1.10 (0.57, 2.10) |
| >Median ($87.5k) household income (≤median) | 0.81 (0.55, 1.19) | 0.81 (0.49, 1.35) | 0.48 (0.29, 0.79)* | 0.71 (0.34, 1.50)d |
| <Full-time employment (full time) | 2.17 (1.57, 3.00)* | 1.57 (0.97, 2.55) | 3.27 (2.23, 4.80)* | 2.41 (1.25, 4.63)*d |
| Sit down restaurant | Public transit | |||
| Walk only | Any cycling | Walk only | Any cycling | |
| High physical activity (low)c | 0.92 (0.67, 1.25) | 1.70 (0.90, 3.21)d | 1.31 (0.83, 2.06) | 0.96 (0.39, 2.36)d |
| Male (female) | 1.40 (1.02, 1.91)* | 1.41 (0.75, 2.63) | 0.86 (0.54, 1.36) | —e |
| White (black) | 2.03 (1.43, 2.89)* | 1.94 (0.95, 3.94)d | 2.25 (1.33, 3.81)* | 4.01 (1.43, 11.26)*d |
| No live in partner (live-in) | 1.56 (1.08, 2.27)* | 2.21 (1.03, 4.76)*d | 1.23 (0.72, 2.12) | 0.79 (0.27, 2.30)d |
| Young children (no children) | 0.55 (0.38, 0.80)* | 1.80 (0.86, 3.77)d | 0.46 (0.27, 0.81)* | —e |
| Older children (no children) | 0.56 (0.34, 0.91)* | —e | 0.73 (0.38, 1.41) | —e |
| >High school/equivalent (≤high school/equivalent) | 1.39 (0.97, 1.97) | 1.73 (0.82, 3.64)d | 0.94 (0.56, 1.57) | 0.91 (0.32, 2.61)d |
| >Median ($87.5k) household income (≤median) | 0.85 (0.59, 1.22) | 0.78 (0.38, 1.61) | 0.73 (0.43, 1.25) | 0.54 (0.18, 1.60)d |
| <Full-time employment (full time) | 1.57 (1.12, 2.20)* | 1.53 (0.79, 2.96)d | 2.74 (1.59, 4.73)* | 4.54 (1.70, 12.14)*d |
Bold font indicates significant (p<0.05)
Exam Year 20 (2005–06) of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Analyses were limited to those who reported using each type of amenity in their neighborhood.
Estimated from multinomial logistic regression modeling transit mode to each amenity [car-only, walk-only, any biking, other mode combinations (not shown) versus car-only] as a function of the reported sociodemographic characteristics (referent group noted in parentheses), further controlling for age and study center. Estimates for other mode combinations were not reported because this was not an outcome of interest. Odds ratios tabulated are relative to prevalence of car only transit to the given amenity.
High physical activity represents above median physical activity index excluding walking and cycling.
Estimates may be unstable due to sparse data; based on cell sizes between 10 and 20.
Results suppressed due to sparse data; based on cell sizes <10.