TABLE 1.

New Contributions by Health Outcomes, Findings, and Methodological Rigor

	Association between Health Insurance Status and Outcome
	Positive and Statistically Significanta		Not Statistically Significanta
	Observational	Quasi-Experimental	Observational	Quasi-Experimental
Health services
Preventive	2	5	1	1
General	0	4	0	0
Total	2	9	1	1
Health outcomes
General health outcomes
General health and physical functioning	3	6	0	2
Mortality	2	2	0	2
Chronic conditions
Cardiovascular disease and diabetes	4	1	0	0
Cancer	6	0	1	2
Depression	0	1	0	0
Acute conditions	2	3	1	1
Total	17	13	2	7

Notes: The forty-two studies reviewed are marked with asterisks in the references. Cell frequencies sum to more than the forty-two studies because several studies assessed more than one outcome or reported both significant and nonsignificant findings in separate analyses.

^aStatistical significance defined as p < 0.05.