. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Schizophr Res. 2010 Jun;119(1-3):240–245. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2010.03.023

Table 2.

Non-epidemiological research findings by individual variable levels. The values from the ‘Proportion Male’ column (where proportion male plus proportion female equals 1) were contrasted, by t-tests for single means, with the epidemiological baseline of 58% (or 0.58) of schizophrenia patients being men, as set by a recent meta-analysis(McGrath et al., 2008). Because of the large number of t-tests, we adopted Holm p-value cutoffs in place of the more standard p<0.05 cutoff. If a p-value is less than the value in the ‘Holm p’ column, it is significant. This is also indicated by the asterisks and bold font.

Variable	Variable Level	N¹	Mean % Male²	(SD)	t-value	p-value	(df)	Holm p³
Journal	Mol Psychiatry	5	0.56	(0.10)	-0.47	0.6621	(4)	0.05
	Br J Psychiatry	14	0.66	(0.11)	2.77	0.0159 ^*	(13)	0.025
	Schizophr Bull	19	0.68	(0.14)	3.02	0.0074 ^*	(18)	0.0167
	Biol Psychiatry	24	0.67	(0.12)	3.49	0.0020 ^*	(23)	0.0125
	Arch Gen Psychiatry	16	0.68	(0.10)	4.11	0.0009 ^*	(15)	0.01
	Am J Psychiatry	24	0.68	(0.11)	4.63	0.0001 ^*	(23)	0.0083
	Schizophr Res	118	0.65	(0.13)	6.13	0.0000 ^*	(117)	0.0071

Study Type	genetic	38	0.59	(0.09)	0.56	0.5772	(37)	0.05
	pharmacological	32	0.65	(0.11)	3.32	0.0023 ^*	(31)	0.025
	psychosocial	40	0.64	(0.12)	3.31	0.0020 ^*	(39)	0.0167
	anatomical	23	0.71	(0.14)	4.29	0.0003 ^*	(22)	0.0125
	functional imaging	13	0.74	(0.11)	5.56	0.0001 ^*	(12)	0.01
	cognitive	74	0.68	(0.12)	7.29	0.0000 ^*	(73)	0.0083

Illness Stage	prodromal	3	0.56	(0.21)	-0.17	0.8796	(2)	0.05
	mixed sample	8	0.68	(0.09)	3.35	0.0122 ^*	(7)	0.025
	first episode	30	0.71	(0.11)	6.07	0.0000 ^*	(29)	0.0167
	chronic	143	0.64	(0.12)	6.56	0.0000^*	(142)	0.0125

Treatment Setting	outpatient	46	0.64	(0.12)	3.56	0.0009 ^*	(45)	0.05
	inpatient	39	0.68	(0.12)	5.27	0.0000 ^*	(38)	0.025
	in and out patients	43	0.69	(0.11)	6.69	0.0000 ^*	(42)	0.0167

Continent	Asia	29	0.59	(0.12)	0.49	0.6267	(28)	0.05
	Australia	4	0.72	(0.10)	2.73	0.0721	(3)	0.025
	cross-continental sites	25	0.62	(0.08)	2.1	0.0466	(24)	0.0167
	Europe	47	0.67	(0.11)	5.48	0.0000 ^*	(46)	0.0125
	North America	114	0.68	(0.13)	8.51	0.0000 ^*	(113)	0.01

Signifies the number of articles included in the comparison, sometimes notated as k

as compared to epidemiological baseline (0.58 proportion males)

threshold for significance after correction for multiple comparisons(Holm, 1979).

significant p-values as compared to Holm adjusted thresholds