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. 2010 Jun 7;5(6):e10995. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010995

Figure 3. Circadian Control of Sympathetic Signaling.

Figure 3

(a–e) Jet-lag induces fatal kidney failure in mice. The arrows indicate (a) severe cystic renal dysplasia with hydronephrosis of the remaining kidney (>20 times enlarged) in an irradiated and jet-lagged Per1−/−;Per2m/m mouse, (b) the remaining failed kidney in an irradiated and jet-lagged Cry1−/−;Cry2−/− mouse, (c) the remaining failed kidney in an irradiated and jet-lagged wt mouse, (d) the failed kidney next to the other apparently normal kidney from an untreated Bmal1−/− mouse, and (e) the remaining failed kidney with kidney stones accumulated inside in an irradiated and jet-lagged wt mouse (Bmal1+/+). (f–i) Summaries of urinary norepinephrine and epinephrine levels in wt and Per1−/−;Per2m/m mice in (f–g) 24hr LD (ZT) and (h–i) DD (CT) cycles detected from 3 to 6 independent experiments (ZT: Zeitgeber Time, with light on at ZT0 and off at ZT12; CT: Circadian Time, with CT0 as the beginning of the subjective day and CT12 as the beginning of the subjective night) (±SEM).