Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population and for the two intervention groups
| Characteristic | Study population (n = 91) | Insole group (n = 45) | Brace group (n = 46) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)* | 54.7 (7.0) | 54.4 (6.5) | 54.9 (7.4) |
| Gender (% female) | 49 | 65 | 35 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2)* | 29.2 (4.5) | 29.4 (4.9) | 29.0 (4.2) |
| Osteoarthritis medial grade (%) | |||
| 1 | 41 | 32 | 48 |
| 2 | 19 | 23 | 15 |
| 3 | 39 | 42 | 37 |
| 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 |
| Osteoarthritis lateral grade (%) | |||
| 0 | 74 | 76 | 72 |
| 1 | 24 | 22 | 26 |
| 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Analgesic use (%) | |||
| None | 48 | 45 | 52 |
| When needed | 23 | 24 | 22 |
| Daily | 29 | 31 | 26 |
| Pain severity (VAS, 0–10)* | 5.6 (2.6) | 5.7 (3.0) | 5.6 (2.2) |
| Function (WOMAC, 0–100)* | 46.6 (18.4) | 46.5 (18.9) | 46.8 (18.2) |
| HKA angle† (°)* | 6.9 (3.6) | 6.9 (3.6) | 7.0 (3.6) |
* Values are expressed as means, with SDs in parentheses; †positive angle represents varus alignment; VAS = visual analog scale; HKA = hip-knee-ankle angle.