Table 2.

Primary and secondary outcomes changes compared with baseline

Outcome	Insole group (n = 45)*,†	Brace group (n = 46)*,†	Difference between groups‡	Effect size
Pain severity (VAS, 0–10)	−0.9 (2.4)	−1.0 (2.2)	0.06 (−1.05, 0.93)	0.03
Function (WOMAC, 0–100)	4.2 (16.9)	4.0 (18.9)	0.15 (−7.95, 7.65)	0.008
HKA angle (°)	0 (0.9)	−0.3 (1.0)	−0.22 (−0.68, −0.25)	0.22

* Values are expressed as means, with SDs in parentheses; ^†four patients were lost to followup; ^‡values are expressed as means, with 95% confidence intervals in parentheses, and are corrected for gender and use of pain medication at baseline and followup; VAS = visual analog scale; HKA = hip-knee-ankle angle.