Table 2.
Effect of manipulating OX40-OX40L interactions on inflammation and diseasea
| Inflammatory response | Host/treatment | Effect on disease or cellular immunity |
|---|---|---|
| EAE | OX40/L−/− | Reduced CNS disease, CD4 T cells, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6 |
| OX40L block | Reduced CNS disease, CD4 T cells | |
| OX40L-Tg | Enhanced CNS disease | |
| Lung inflammation | OX40/L−/− | Reduced asthma, eosinophils, CD4 T cells, Th2 cytokines |
| OX40L block | Reduced asthma, eosinophils, CD4 T cells, Th2 cytokines | |
| OX40L-Tg | Spontaneous interstitial pneumonia | |
| Diabetes (NOD) | OX40L−/− | No pancreatic islet destruction, no increased blood glucose |
| OX40L block | Reduced diabetes incidence, insulitis | |
| Atherosclerosis | OX40L−/− | Reduced lesions |
| OX40L block | Reduced lesions, Th2 cytokines | |
| OX40L-Tg | Enhanced lesions | |
| GVHD/transplantation | OX40/L−/− | Reduced disease, rejection, infiltration, CD4/CD8 T cells |
| OX40L block | Reduced disease, infiltration, CD4/CD8 T cells, B cells, IFN-γ | |
| IBD/colitis | OX40L block | Decreased gut infiltration, CD4/CD8 T cells, cDC, IFN-γ |
| OX40L-Tg | Spontaneous gut infiltration | |
| Contact hypersensitivity | OX40L−/− | Reduced inflammation, CD4 T cells |
| OX40L-Tg | Enhanced inflammation, T cell response | |
| Arthritis | OX40L block | Reduced joint swelling, CD4 T cells, IFN-γ |
| EAC | OX40L block | Reduced eosinophilia, IL-5 |
| HgCl2 autoimmunity | OX40L block | Reduced Th2 cytokines, weight loss, mortality |
| Viral—LCMV | OX40−/− | Normal primary and memory CD8, normal Ig |
| VSV | OX40−/− | Normal Ig |
| Theilers V | OX40−/− | Normal primary CD8, normal Ig |
| Influenza V | OX40/L−/− | Normal primary CD8, reduced CD4 and memory CD8 |
| OX40L block | Reduced lung inflammation, CD4 and CD8 T cells | |
| mCMV | OX40−/− | Normal primary CD8, reduced memory CD8 and CD4 |
| VACV | OX40−/− | Reduced primary CD8/CD4, reduced memory CD8 and CD4 |
| Parasite | ||
| Heligmosomoides polygyrus | OX40L−/− | Decreased worm expulsion, reduced Th2 cytokines |
| Nippostrongylus brasiliensis | OX40−/− | Normal Th2 cytokines |
| Leishmania major | OX40L block | Reduced disease, decreased Th2 cytokines |
| OX40L-Tg | Enhanced susceptibility to disease, increased Th2 cytokines | |
| Listeria monocytogenes | OX40−/− | Normal primary CD8, reduced memory CD8 |
a
Abbreviations: EAC, experimental allergic conjunctivitis; EAE, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis; GVHD, graft-versus-host disease; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; LCMV, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus; mCMV, mouse cytomegalovirus; OX40/L−/−, OX40- and OX40L-deficient; OX40L-Tg, OX40L transgenic; VACV, vaccinia virus; VSV, vesicular stomatitis virus.