Table 3.

Biopsies conducted and cancers detected per 1000 men with elevated PSA and with recent screening, using as a threshold for biopsy a 20% or higher probability of cancer. Cancers with biopsy Gleason score 7 or higher were considered high grade.

	No. biopsies:		No. cancers:		No. high-grade cancers:
	performed	reduced (%)	caught	missed (%)	caught	missed (%)
Biopsy all	1000	n/a	259	n/a	43	n/a
Models developed with never screened men and applied to recently screened men
Laboratory model
Risk ≥ 20%: total PSA, age	245	755 (76%)	72	187 (72%)	20	23 (53%)
Risk ≥ 20%: kallikrein panel, age	268	732 (73%)	106	153 (59%)	31	12 (28%)
Clinical model
Risk ≥ 20%: total PSA, age, DRE	146	854 (85%)	63	196 (76%)	20	23 (53%)
Risk ≥ 20%: kallikrein panel, age, DRE	258	742 (74%)	113	146 (56%)	32	11 (26%)
Models developed with recently screened men and applied to recently screened men
Laboratory model
Risk ≥ 20%: total PSA, age	857	143 (14%)	234	25 (10%)	42	1 (2%)
Risk ≥ 20%: total PSA, free PSA, age	724	276 (28%)	211	48 (19%)	41	2 (5%)
Risk ≥ 20%: kallikrein panel, age	643	357 (36%)	212	47 (18%)	41	2 (5%)
Clinical model
Risk ≥ 20%: total PSA, age, DRE	728	272 (27%)	207	52 (20%)	39	4 (9%)
Risk ≥ 20%: total PSA, free PSA, age, DRE	631	369 (37%)	194	65 (25%)	38	5 (12%)
Risk ≥ 20%: kallikrein panel, age, DRE	587	413 (41%)	199	60 (23%)	42	1 (2%)
Alternative clinical strategies applied to recently screened men
Total PSA ≥ 4 ng/ml	305	695 (70%)	84	175 (68%)	22	21 (49%)
Total PSA ≥ 4 ng/ml or positive DRE	367	633 (63%)	116	143 (55%)	29	14 (33%)