Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Metabolism. 2009 Dec 16;59(7):967–976. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.10.018

FIG. 4.

FIG. 4

Lipoic acid altered gene and protein expression in the skeletal muscle. A: Gene expression was measured by real-time qRT-PCR and expressed in terms of mRNA levels relative to 18S rRNA. The lipoic acid-treated mice had significantly elevated mRNA levels of PGC-1α and GLUT-4 in the skeletal muscle. B: Lipoic acid increased AMPK activation with decreased phosphorylation of mTOR and p70S6K; however, it did not significantly alter 4E-BP1 phosphorylation. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 6 per group). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.