Table 2.
Descriptions of Problems on VSP and ITBS
| Measure | Problem | Description | Accuracy |
|---|---|---|---|
| VSP | 1 | Two-step: total X3; difference X2 | 43/88 (48.9%) |
| 2 | One-step: change X3 | 79/89 (88.8%) | |
| 3 | Two-step: total X3; change X1 | 58/87 (66.7%) | |
| 4 | One-step: difference X3 | 42/88 (47.7%) | |
| 5 | One-step: total X1 | 42/87 (48.3%) | |
| 6 | One-step: change X2 | 71/87 (81.6%) | |
| 7 | One-step: change X1 | 44/85 (51.8%) | |
| 8 | One-step: total X3 | 82/86 (95.3%) | |
| 9 | One-step: difference X1 | 76/84 (90.5%) | |
| 10 | One-step: total X2, graph, irrelevant information in graph | 38/80 (47.5%) | |
| 11 | One-step: change X2, picture, irrelevant information in picture | 32/83 (38.6%) | |
| 12 | One-step: difference X1, graph, irrelevant information in picture and narrative | 43/74 (58.1%) | |
| 13 | One-step: change X3, graph, irrelevant information in graph | 66/80 (82.5%) | |
| 14 | One-step: total X1, graph, irrelevant information in graph | 44/81 (54.3%) | |
| 15 | One-step: difference X2, graph, irrelevant information in graph and narrative | 16/78 (20.5%) | |
| 16 | Two-step: total X3, change X1, graph, irrelevant information in graph | 20/75 (26.7%) | |
| 17 | One-step: total X3, graph, irrelevant information in graph | 60/77 (77.9%) | |
| 18 | One-step: difference X3, graph irrelevant information in graph and narrative | 33/75 (44.0%) | |
| ITBS | 1 | One-step: total X3 | |
| 2 | One-step: change X3 | ||
| 3 | One-step: change X3 | ||
| 4 | Two-step: total X3, total X3 | ||
| 5 | Two-step: total X3, change X3 | ||
| 6 | One-step: repeated addition or multiplication | ||
| 7 | One-step: division | ||
| 8 | Two-step: half, total X3 | ||
| 9 | One-step: repeated addition or multiplication | ||
| 10 | One-step: change X3, irrelevant information in narrative | ||
| 11 | Two-step: total X3, total X3 | ||
| 12 | One-step: total X3, irrelevant information in narrative | ||
| 13 | Two-step: total X3, change X3 | ||
| 14 | One-step: division X3 | ||
| 15 | Two-step: total X3, difference X3 | ||
| 16 | One-step: division | ||
| 17 | One-step: difference X3 | ||
| 18 | Two-step: total X3, change X3 | ||
| 19 | One-step: repeated addition or multiplication | ||
| 20 | Graph reading | ||
| 21 | One-step: total X3, graph, irrelevant information in graph | ||
| 22 | Two-step: total X3, repeated halving, graph, irrelevant information in graph | ||
| 23 | Graph reading | ||
| 24 | One-step: total X3, graph, irrelevant information in graph | ||
| 25 | One-step: difference X3, graph, irrelevant information in graph | ||
| 26 | Graph reading | ||
| 27 | Graph reading | ||
| 28 | Graph reading | ||
| 29 | One-step: difference X3, graph, irrelevant information in graph | ||
| 30 | One-step: difference X3, graph, irrelevant information in graph |
Note.—VSP is Second-Grade Vanderbilt Story Problems (Fuchs & Seethaler, 2008); ITBS is the Iowa Test of Basic Skills Level 8—Problem Solving and Data Interpretation (ITBS: Hoover, Hieronymous, Dunbar, & Frisbie, 1993). Accuracy is the number of students who used an algebraic equation correctly to represent the structure of the problem/number of students who represented the word problem using an algebraic equation; accuracy was coded only for the VSP.