Table 4.
Multivariable-adjusted* mean changes (95% confidence interval) in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in response to low-salt, high-salt, and potassium-supplementation interventions by gender, age, and baseline blood pressure
| Low-sodium intervention | High-sodium intervention | Potassium supplement | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔSBP | ΔDBP | ΔSBP | ΔDBP | ΔSBP | ΔDBP | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Men | −7.05 (−7.50, −6.59) | −3.39 (−3.77, −3.01) | 5.25 (4.83, 5.66) | 1.74 (1.36, 2.13) | −4.43 (−4.82, −4.04) | −1.52 (−1.85, −1.19) |
| Women | −8.07 (−8.57, −7.58) | −4.51 (−4.92, −4.09) | 6.35 (5.90, 6.81) | 3.08 (2.66, 3.50) | −4.45 (−4.88, −4.03) | −2.10 (−2.46, −1.74) |
| p-value for differences by gender | 0.0004 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.93 | 0.007 |
|
| ||||||
| Age, yrs | ||||||
| <35 | −6.04 (−6.64, −5.44) | −4.05 (−4.56, −3.55) | 4.31 (3.75, 4.86) | 2.00 (1.49, 2.51) | −3.88 (−4.40, −3.36) | −1.82 (−2.26, −1.38) |
| 35–44 | −7.59 (−8.08, −7.10) | −4.01 (−4.42, −3.59) | 5.73 (5.28, 6.19) | 2.57 (2.15, 2.99) | −4.01 (−4.43, −3.58) | −1.75 (−2.10, −1.39) |
| ≥54 | −9.05 (−9.62, −8.47) | −3.78 (−4.27, −3.29) | 7.36 (6.83, 7.89) | 2.66 (2.17, 3.16) | −5.44 (−5.94, −4.93) | −1.86 (−2.29, −1.44) |
| p-value for differences by age | <0.0001 | 0.66 | <0.0001 | 0.08 | <0.0001 | 0.90 |
|
| ||||||
| Baseline BP, mm Hg | ||||||
| <120/80 | −3.28 (−3.66, −2.90) | −1.46 (−1.78, −1.14) | 4.14 (3.79, 4.49) | 1.44 (1.12, 1.77) | −2.89 (−3.22, −2.56) | −1.14 (−1.42, −0.86) |
| 120-139/80-89 | −7.57 (−8.06, −7.08) | −4.02 (−4.43, −3.61) | 5.52 (5.07, 5.98) | 2.40 (1.98, 2.82) | −4.04 (−4.47, −3.61) | −1.60 (−1.96, −1.23) |
| ≥140/90 | −11.8 (−12.8, −10.9) | −6.36 (−7.15, −5.57) | 7.74 (6.88, 8.60) | 3.38 (2.58, 4.18) | −6.40 (−7.21, −5.59) | −2.69 (−3.38, −2.00) |
| p-value for differences by baseline BP | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0002 |
BP response (95% confidence interval), mm Hg†
*
Adjusted for age, gender, baseline BP, body-mass index, education, alcohol consumption, current smoking, physical activity, and baseline 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium and potassium.
†
BP response to low-sodium = BP on low-sodium diet – BP at baseline; BP response to high-sodium = BP on high-sodium diet – BP on low-sodium diet; and BP response to potassium supplement = BP on high-sodium diet with potassium supplementation – BP on high-sodium diet.