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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Immunol. 2010 Mar 29;184(9):5029–5037. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903463

Figure 1. Estradiol attenuates LPS-induced TNF-α.

Figure 1

(A) ELISA analysis of TNF-α levels in culture supernatants from macrophages treated with estradiol or ethanol control for 24 hours prior to stimulation with LPS (10 ng/ml) for 12 hours. Data are presented as percent of TNF-α produced by LPS-stimulated cells not receiving estradiol treatment. (B) Total RNA was extracted from macrophages treated with or without estradiol (100 nM) followed by stimulation with LPS for 5 hours. TNF-α mRNA was measured by TaqMan real-time PCR. (C) Macrophages were treated with the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780 (1 μM) for 1 hour prior to estradiol treatment. Hormone and LPS treatments were the same as in A. TNF-α levels were measured by ELISA and are presented as percent of control treated cells stimulated with LPS. *p<0.05 vs. control cells stimulated with LPS.

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