Table 4.

Summary of Selected Questionnaires for the Detection of Major Depressive Episode in Primary Care Settings^a

Instrument	Date of Introduction, Time Frame for Questions	Self-Report or Clinician Administered	Items	Administration Time (min)
PHQ-2	2003, last 2 wk	Clinician administered	2	< 1
PHQ-9b	1999, last 2 wk	Clinician administered	9	< 3
MOS-D	1995, last wk	Self-report	8	< 2
BDIb	1961, last 2 wk	Self-report	21	2–5
CES-Db	1977, last wk	Self-report	20	2–5
GHQ	1972, last few wk	Self-report	28	5–10
Zung Depressionb	1983, recently	Self-report	20	2–5

^aBased on Mulrow et al.⁸⁴

^bValidated for repeated administration to monitor change/treatment response.

Abbreviations: BDI=Beck Depression Inventory, CES-D=Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale, GHQ=General Health Questionnaire, MOS-D=Medical Outcomes Study-Depression scale, PHQ=Patient Health Questionnaire.