Table 2.
Food and nutrients consumption, according to tertiles (T) of energy-adjusted fruit and vegetable consumption (n = 120)
| Energy-adj. fruit and vegetable consumption | T1 (n = 39) < 384 g/d |
T2 (n = 42) 384-660 g/d |
T3 (n = 39) > 660 g/d |
P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy intake (kcal) | 2645 ± 1110 | 2573 ± 899 | 2749 ± 920 | 0.703 |
| Carbohydrate (% EI) | 41.8 ± 6.5 | 43.0 ± 5.2 | 44.1 ± 6.5 | 0.207 |
| Protein (%EI) | 16.4 ± 2.5b | 17.2 ± 2.6 | 18.0 ± 2.4 | 0.012 |
| Vegetable protein (g) | 29.9 ± 15.4b | 31.6 ± 12.2 | 38.2 ± 11.8 | 0.001 |
| Lipid (%EI) | 40.4 ± 5.9b | 38.2 ± 4.5 | 37.0 ± 7.2 | 0.025 |
| PUFA (%EI) | 6.1 ± 2.0b,c | 5.2 ± 1.4 | 5.2 ± 1.4 | 0.017 |
| MUFA (%EI) | 16.9 ± 3.3 | 16.2 ± 3.2 | 16.2 ± 4.5 | 0.576 |
| SFA (%EI) | 14.8 ± 3.4b | 13.4 ± 1.9 | 12.5 ± 2.8 | 0.001 |
| Alcohol (g/d) | 5.5 ± 8.1 | 5.3 ± 5.5 | 3.8 ± 4.6 | 0.339 |
| Fruit juices (ml/d) | 48.4 ± 70.0 | 79.3 ± 125.5 | 99.6 ± 116.8 | 0.076 |
| Cereals (g/d) | 197.5 ± 116.7 | 180.9 ± 106.6 | 174.8 ± 71.6 | 0.537 |
| Legumes (g/d) | 18.5 ± 13.4 | 27.4 ± 27.2 | 23.6 ± 17.9 | 0.119 |
| Nuts (g/d) | 11.7 ± 28.2 | 15.7 ± 6.1 | 15.6 ± 29.1 | 0.135 |
| Meats (g/d) | 205.0 ± 95.5 | 201.4 ± 101.9 | 213.4 ± 128.1 | 0.865 |
| Dairy products (g/d) | 335.1 ± 303.0 | 221.3 ± 177.6 | 238.9 ± 225.5 | 0.056 |
| Olive oil (g/d) | 15.8 ± 13.9 | 18.9 ± 17.6 | 20.6 ± 18.1 | 0.385 |
| Potassium (g/d) | 3.8 ± 1.7b | 4.6 ± 1.3d | 6.1 ± 2.0 | <0.001 |
| Magnesium (mg/d) | 369.7 ± 163.1b | 406.4 ± 124.2d | 504.7 ± 163.4 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin C (mg/d) | 153.2 ± 83.3b,c | 253.4 ± 108.0d | 381.2 ± 150.1 | <0.001 |
| Dietary fiber (g/d) | 17.6 ± 10.3b,c | 24.7 ± 10.3d | 34.12 ± 13.3 | <0.001 |
| Dietary TAC (mmol/d) | 6.0 ± 3.6b,c | 8.0 ± 2.8d | 11.4 ± 4.8 | <0.001 |
aP-value from ANOVA test.
bP < 0.05, T1 vs. T3; cP < 0.05, T1 vs. T2; dP < 0.05, T2 vs. T3, from post hoc Tukey test to correct for multiple comparisons.
PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; SFA, saturated fatty acid; TAC, total antioxidant capacity.