Table 4.
Proinflammatory plasma concentration with respect to tertiles (T)a of energy-adjusted fruit and vegetable consumption, fiber from fruit and vegetable consumption and dietary TAC (n = 120)
| Proinflammatory plasma concentration | Energy-adj. fruit and vegetable consumption | P for trend | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 (<384 g/d) |
T2 (384-660 g/d) |
T3 (>660 g/d) |
||
| CRP (mg/l) | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 0.027 |
| Homocysteine (μmol/l) | 15.0 ± 7.6 | 10.6 ± 3.2 | 10.0 ± 3.2 | 0.007 |
| IL6 (pg/ml) | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 0.480 |
| TNFα (pg/ml) | 2.3 ± 1.2 | 1.8 ± 1.5 | 1.6 ± 1.2 | 0.484 |
| Energy-adj. fiber from fruits and vegetables | P for trend | |||
|
T1 (<6.0 g/d) |
T2 (6.0-19.5 g/d) |
T3 (>19.5 g/d) |
||
| CRP (mg/l) | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 1.1 ± 0.9 | 0.9 ± 0.7 | 0.024 |
| Homocysteine (μmol/l) | 14.4 ± 6.9 | 10.2 ± 2.6 | 9.8 ± 2.9 | 0.008 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 0.963 |
| TNFα (pg/ml) | 2.3 ± 2.8 | 2.2 ± 1.9 | 1.9 ± 1.8 | 0.017 |
| Energy-adj. dietary TAC | P for trend | |||
|
T1 (<5.3 mmol/d) |
T2 (5.3-11.8 mmol/d) |
T3 (>11.8 mmol/d) |
||
| CRP (mg/l) | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 1.1 ± 0.7 | 0.045 |
| Homocysteine (μmol/l) | 12.7 ± 5.9 | 11.4 ± 4.6 | 10.2 ± 3.3 | 0.088 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 1.3 ± 1.0 | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 0.393 |
| TNFα (pg/ml) | 2.1 ± 1.6 | 1.9 ± 1.8 | 1.7 ± 1.4 | 0.077 |
a Tertile 1, n = 39; Tertile 2, n = 42; Tertile 3, n = 39.
P for trend from linear regression model, adjusting for gender, age, BMI, energy intake, physical activity, smoking, systolic blood pressure and non-esterified fatty acid concentration. TAC, total antioxidant capacity; CRP, C-reactive protein; IL6, interleukin-6; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor-alpha.