Table 1.
List of growth factors investigated in the study.
| A. Growth factors that have been reported to be involved in myeloma biology. | ||
|---|---|---|
| Growth factor | probe set | References (*) |
| - Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) | 209541_at | [7,35-39] |
| - Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) | 210997_at | [41-46] |
| - Macrophage inflammatory protein1 α (MIP1α/CCL3) | 205114_s_at | [53-56] |
| - Growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) | 221577_x_at | [24] |
| - pleiotrophin (PTN) | 209466_x_at | [57,58] |
| - Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) | 206382_s_at | [59] |
| IL-6 family cytokines | ||
| - Interleukin 6 (IL-6) | 205207_at | [4,5,19,33 -35,60-68] |
| - Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) | NA | [69] |
| - oncostatin M (OSM) | 230170_at | " " |
| - Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) | 205266_at | " " |
| - Interleukin 11 (IL-11) | NA | " " |
| - cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor1 (CLCF1) | 219500_at | [70] |
| Other interleukins | ||
| - interleukin 1β (IL-1β) | 39402_at | [18] |
| - interleukin 10 (IL-10) | 207433_at | [71,72] |
| - interleukin 15 (IL-15) | 205992_s_at | [73] |
| - interleukin 21 (IL-21) | NA | [74] |
| TNF family members | ||
| - tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) | 207113_s_at | [75-78] |
| - B cell activating factor (BAFF/TNFSF13B) | 223501_at | [9,79-82] |
| - A proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL/TNFSF13) | 210314_x_at | " " |
| EGF family members (**) | ||
| - amphiregulin (AREG) | 205239_at | [17,28] |
| - heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) | 203821_at | [17,83,84] |
| - neuregulin 1 (NRG1) | 208241_at | [17] |
| - neuregulin 2 (NRG2) | 206879_s_at | " " |
| - neuregulin 3 (NRG3) | 229233_at | " " |
| - neuregulin 4 (NRG4) | 242426_at | " " |
| FGF family members | ||
| - fibroblast growth factor 2/basis FGF (FGF2/bFGF) | 204422_s_at | [32,51] |
| Wnt family members | [47-49] | |
| - Wnt5A | 205990_s_at | |
| - Wnt10B | NA | |
| - Wnt16 | 224022_x_at | |
| Jagged family | [85-88] | |
| - Jagged 1 (JAG1) | 209099_x_at | |
| - Jagged 2 (JAG2) | 32137_at | |
| VEGF family | ||
| - Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) | 212171_x_at | [31,89-92] |
| B. Members of the VEGF, FGF, and Wnt family. | ||
| Growth factor | probe set | |
| VEGF family (5 members) | ||
| - VEGFA* | 212171_x_at | |
| - VEGFB | 203683_s_at | |
| - VEGFC | 209946_at | |
| - VEGFD/FIGF | NA | |
| FGF family members (22 members) | ||
| - FGF1 | 1552721_a_at | |
| - FGF2* | 204422_s_at | |
| - FGF3 | 214571_at | |
| - FGF4 | 206783_at | |
| - FGF5 | 210311_at | |
| - FGF6 | 208417_at | |
| - FGF7 | 230918_at | |
| - FGF8 | NA | |
| - FGF9 | 206404_at | |
| - FGF10 | NA | |
| - FGF11 | 227271_at | |
| - FGF12 | 1562794_at | |
| - FGF13 | 205110_s_at | |
| - FGF14 | 231523_at | |
| - FGF16 | NA | |
| - FGF17 | NA | |
| - FGF18 | 231382_at | |
| - FGF19# | NA | |
| - FGF20 | NA | |
| - FGF21 | NA | |
| - FGF22 | NA | |
| - FGF23 | NA | |
| Wnt family members (19 members) | ||
| - Wnt1 | NA | |
| - Wnt2 | 205648_at | |
| - Wnt2B | NA | |
| - Wnt3 | 229103_at | |
| - Wnt3A | NAΨ | |
| - Wnt4 | 208606_s_at | |
| - Wnt5A* | 205990_s_at | |
| - Wnt5B | 221029_s_at | |
| - Wnt6 | 71933_at | |
| - Wnt7A | 210248_at | |
| - Wnt7B | NA | |
| - Wnt8A | 224259_at | |
| - Wnt8B | NA | |
| - Wnt9A | NA | |
| - Wnt9B | NA | |
| - Wnt10A | 223709_s_at | |
| - Wnt10B* | NA | |
| - Wnt11 | 206737_at | |
| - Wnt16* | 224022_x_at | |
A. (*) The list of references is not exhaustive, and includes the original or major studies. (**) Among all ten EGF-family members, only those having a heparin-binding domain are listed here. Indeed, only EGF-ligands that bind the HSPG syndecan-1 present on MMC can stimulate myeloma cell growth [17]. Probe sets noted "NA" were considered to be "non-informative" (see additional file 1).
B. * Indicates that the growth factor has already been reported to be involved in myeloma biology (they are also listed in table 1A). # FGF19 is the human orthologue of FGF15 and was cloned by homology to mouse FGF15. Ψ Indicates that no probe set was found for this gene. Probe sets noted "NA" were considered to be "non-informative" (see additional file 1).