Table 1.
Description of the study population and age-adjusted odds ratios (n = 1,574), Alberta, Canada, 2002–2006
| Risk factor | Cases (n = 542) | Controls (n = 1,032) | ORa | 95% CIa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 58.7 (9.3)a | 58.1 (10.1) | N/A | – |
| Ethnicity (Caucasian vs. non-Caucasian) | 95.0 | 95.9 | 0.76 | 0.46, 1.26 |
| Ever married or common-law | 97.7 | 92.4 | 0.28 | 0.17, 0.47 |
| Highest education | ||||
| High school diploma | 32.7 | 28.2 | 1.00 | – |
| Non-university certificate | 46.1 | 47.8 | 0.84 | 0.66. 1.07 |
| University degree | 21.2 | 24.1 | 0.77 | 0.58, 1.04 |
| Age at menarche | 12.3 (1.5) | 12.6 (1.5) | 0.88 | 0.81, 0.94 |
| Age at pregnancy of ≥20 weeks gestation | 23.9 (4.3) | 24.7 (4.8) | 0.96 | 0.94,0.99 |
| Numbers of pregnancies ≥20 weeks gestation | ||||
| 0 | 18.1 | 10.3 | 1.00 | – |
| 1–2 | 43.4 | 41.5 | 0.57 | 0.41, 0.78 |
| >2 | 38.6 | 48.3 | 0.40 | 0.28, 0.55 |
| Age at menopause | 50.0 (4.9) | 50.0 (4.1) | 0.97 | 0.94, 1.01 |
| Menopausal status | ||||
| Premenopausal | 10.5 | 12.2 | 1.00 | – |
| Perimenopausal | 12.7 | 15.6 | 0.96 | 0.62,1.50 |
| Postmenopausal | 76.6 | 72.9 | 1.29 | 0.82, 2.03 |
| Body mass index [weight (kg)/height2 (m)] | 32.1 (8.3) | 28.1 (5.9) | 1.09 | 1.07, 1.11 |
| Waist circumference (per 1 cm) | 98.0 (18.8) | 87.6 (14.6) | 1.04 | 1.03, 1.05 |
| Waist/hip ratio [waist (cm)/hip (cm)] | ||||
| <0.80 | 28.2 | 44.2 | 1.00 | – |
| 0.80–0.88 | 40.2 | 36.5 | 1.66 | 1.30, 2.13 |
| >0.88 | 30.7 | 19.4 | 2.38 | 1.81, 3.14 |
| Type of smoker | ||||
| Never smoker | 50.4 | 50.9 | 1.00 | – |
| Former smoker | 37.5 | 36.4 | 1.03 | 0.83, 1.29 |
| Current smoker | 12.2 | 12.7 | 0.98 | 0.70, 1.37 |
| Past year average total fat intake (g/day)b | 60.1 (29.7) | 58.8 (29.1) | 1.00 | 1.00,1.01 |
| Lifetime yearly alcohol consumption (g of ethanol per year over lifetime) | 896.6 (1,677.3) | 1,026.6 (2,092.0) | 1.00 | 1.00, 1.00 |
| Ever hormone contraception use | 60.5 | 70.8 | 0.63 | 0.50, 0.79 |
| Never hormone replacement usec | 55.6 | 49.8 | 1.00 | – |
| Estrogen-only usec | 3.7 | 2.4 | 1.31 | 0.71, 2.42 |
| Estrogen and progesterone combined hormone usec | 25.2 | 32.7 | 0.68 | 0.53, 0.87 |
| Other hormone replacement usec | 5.0 | 2.8 | 1.58 | 0.92, 2.72 |
| Ever had high cholesterol or triglycerides | 33.4 | 26.8 | 1.35 | 1.07, 1.70 |
| Ever had diabetes | 13.1 | 7.4 | 1.88 | 1.33, 2.64 |
| Ever had hypertension | 42.4 | 26.2 | 2.12 | 1.69, 2.66 |
| Total lifetime physical activity (MET-hours/week/year) | 104.0 (36.8) | 107.3 (36.5) | 1.00 | 0.99, 1.00 |
| Total occupational activity (MET-hours/week/year) | 33.2 (26.9) | 33.6 (24.8) | 1.00 | 1.00, 1.01 |
| Total household activity (MET-hours/week/year) | 58.7 (27.1) | 60.6 (28.0) | 1.00 | 0.99, 1.00 |
| Total recreational activity (MET-hours/week/year) | 12.1 (9.2) | 13.1 (9.6) | 1.00 | 0.99, 1.00 |
| Total lifetime physical activity (hours/week/year) | 32.7 (10.5) | 33.8 (10.6) | 1.00 | 0.99, 1.01 |
aMean (standard deviation) or percentage
bEighty-seven women had missing dietary data because they either did not complete the questionnaire (n = 47) or their total caloric intake was <600 kcal/day or >5,000 kcal/day (n = 40)
cAll hormone replacement use categories included only perimenopausal or postmenopausal women (n = 484 cases and 905 controls)