Table 3.
Association between “binge” drinking (irregular alcohol consumption of ≥5 drinks (70 g alcohol) per day) and pancreatic cancer among men in a population-based case–control study in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, 1995–1999
| Case (%) | Control (%) | ORa (95% CI) | ORb (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pattern of drinking | ||||
| Life time alcohol consumption: Never or <1 drink/month (referent) | 22 (8) | 102 (12) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Lifetime binge alcohol consumption ≥1/month | 64 (22) | 119 (13) | 2.5 (1.4, 4.4) | 3.5 (1.6, 7.5) |
| First age at binge drinking, years | ||||
| ≤20 | 19 (7) | 43 (5) | 2.0 (1.0–4.3) | 2.9 (1.1–7.4) |
| 21–30 | 20 (7) | 36 (4) | 2.5 (1.2–5.2) | 4.3 (1.7–11) |
| 31–40 | 25 (9) | 40 (5) | 2.9 (1.5–5.8) | 3.4 (1.4–8.4) |
| p-trend | p = 0.002 | p = 0.007 | ||
| Interval between last binge drinking and diagnosis for cases or interview for controls, years | ||||
| 0–5 | 18 (6) | 34 (4) | 2.4 (1.1–5.2) | 3.4 (1.3–8.9) |
| 6–10 | 13 (4) | 14 (16) | 4.7 (1.9–12) | 6.3 (2.0–20) |
| >10 | 33 (11) | 70 (8) | 2.2 (1.2–4.1) | 3.0 (1.3–7.0) |
| Drinks/day during binge drinking | ||||
| 5–9 | 31 (11) | 74 (8) | 2.0 (1.0–3.7) | 3.1 (1.3–7.3) |
| 10–14 | 15 (5) | 26 (3) | 2.6 (1.1–5.8) | 3.6 (1.3–9.7) |
| >14 | 18 (6) | 19 (2) | 4.3 (1.9–9.7) | 4.4 (1.4–13) |
| p-trend | p = 0.0002 | p = 0.002 | ||
| Frequency of binge drinking | ||||
| ≤1/month | 27 (9) | 42 (5) | 3.0 (1.5–5.9) | 4.3 (1.8–10) |
| 2–3/month | 13 (4) | 30 (3) | 2.0 (0.9–4.5) | 3.0 (1.1–8.6) |
| >3/month | 24 (8) | 45 (5) | 2.4 (1.2–4.9) | 3.0 (1.2–7.4) |
| p-trend | p = 0.02 | p = 0.06 | ||
| Duration of binge drinking, years | ||||
| 1–5 | 12 (4) | 28 (3) | 2.1 (0.9–5.0) | 2.3 (0.8–6.8) |
| 6–10 | 13 (4) | 31 (4) | 1.7 (0.9–4.5) | 2.9 (1.1–7.8) |
| >10 | 39 (13) | 60 (7) | 2.9 (1.5–5.4) | 3.7 (1.9–11) |
| p-trend | p = 0.001 | p = 0.0006 | ||
CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio
Bold indicates that 95% confidence interval for point estimate did not cross 1, or p value < 0.05
aAdjusted for age (in 5-year group)
bAdditionally adjusted for energy intake (kcal/day, men: quartiles, women: quartiles), body mass index (<25, 25.0–29.9, ≥30 kg/m2), race (white, black/African American, Asian/Pacific Islander, others), education (<high school, high school, 1–4 years college, graduate school), smoking (never smoker, former cigarette smoker who had quit smoking >15 years previously, former cigarette smoker who had quit smoking 1–15 years previously, current cigarette smoker or former cigarette smoker who had quit <1 year previously, pipe and/or cigar smoker), lifetime alcohol consumption, history of diabetes (yes, no), and physical activity (30-min moderate exercise each time: <1 month, 1–4/month, 2–6/week, and daily)