Table 1.
Various effects of different probiotic strains in mechanisms of allergic disorders are shown from experimental models referred to in the text.
| References | Probiotic strain | Effect of probiotic | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maturing gut barrier | |||
| Sudo et al.[16] | Bfdbm | Oral tolerance | ↑ |
| Isolauri et al.[18] | LGG | Faecal IgA levels | ↑ |
| Isolauri et al.[18] | Lctbs rhamnosus GG (LGG) | Gut-stabilizing effect | ↑ |
| Malin et al.[20] | LGG | Gut defence | ↑ |
| Kaila et al.[22] | Lctbs | Intestinal permeability | ↓ |
| Ovalbumin-induced food allergy | |||
| Kim et al.[27] | Bfdbm lactis/bifidum; Lctbs acidophilus | Th1/Th2 balance | ↓ |
| Torii et al.[42] | Bfdbm bifidum; Lctbs acidophilus | TGF-β production | ↑ |
| Th1 cytokines | |||
| Maassen et al.[26] | Lctbs reuteri | Th1/Th2 balance | ↑ |
| Th2 cytokines | |||
| Niers et al.[25] | Bfdbm bifidum/infantis; Lctbs lactis | Th1/Th2 balance | ↓ |
| Takahashi [28] | Bfdbm longum | Th1/Th2 balance | ↓ |
| IL-10 production | |||
| Niers et al.[25] | Bfdbm bifidum/infantis; Lctbs lactis | Th1/Th2 balance | ↑ |
| Maassen et al.[26] | Lctbs casei | Th1/Th2 balance | ↑ |
| Kim et al.[27] | Bfdbm lactis/bifidum; Lctbs acidophilus | Th1/Th2 balance | ↑ |
| Sistek et al.[31] | Lctbs rhamnosus GG (LGG) | Th1/Th2 balance | ↑ |
| Kruisselbrink et al.[33] | Lactobacillus plantarum | Th1/Th2 balance | ↓ |
| Hart et al.[36] | Bfdbm bifidum | Th1/Th2 balance | ↑ |
| Smits et al.[38] | Lctbs reuteri/casei | Prime monocyte-derived dendritic cell | ↑ |
| IL-4 production | |||
| Maassen et al.[26] | Lctbs casei | Th1/Th2 balance | ↑ |
| Kim et al.[27] | Bfdbm lactis/bifidum; Lctbs acidophilus | Th1/Th2 balance | ↓ |
| Mohamadzadeh et al.[35] | Bfdbm bifidum | Most potent polarizer of dendritic cells | ↓ |
| IFN-γ | |||
| Kim et al.[27] | Bfdbm lactis/bifidum; Lctbs acidophilus | Th1/Th2 balance | ↑ |
| Mohamadzadeh et al.[35] | Bfdbm bifidum | Most potent polarizer of dendritic cells | ↑ |
| IgE production | |||
| Kim et al.[27] | Bfdbm lactis/bifidum; Lctbs acidophilus | Immunomodulation | ↓ |
| Takahashi et al.[28] | Bfdbm longum | Immunomodulation | ↓ |
| Gill et al.[29] | Bfdbm lactis Bb-12 | Immunomodulation | ↓ |
| Borchers et al.[30] | LGG | Immunomodulation | ↓ |
| Torii et al.[42] | Bfdbm bifidum; Lctbs acidophilus | Immunomodulation | ↓ |
| Serum inflammatory parameters | |||
| Maassen et al.[26] | Lctbs reuteri | Immunomodulation | ↑ |
| Sistek et al.[31] | Lctbs rhamnosus GG (LGG) | Immunomodulation | ↓ |
| Development of tolerogenic dendritic cells | |||
| Niers et al.[34] | Bfdbm | Prime neonatal dendritic cells | ↑ |
| Mohamadzadeh et al.[35] | Bfdbm bifidum | Most potent polarizer | ↑ |
| Braat et al.[37] | Lctbs rhamnosus | Modulates dendritic cell function | ↑ |
| Smits et al.[38] | Lctbs reuteri/casei | Prime monocyte-derived dendritic cells | ↑ |
| Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation | |||
| Hoarau et al.[39] | Bfdbm bifidum/infantis; Lctbs salivarius | Activate TLR-2 | ↑ |
| Forsythe et al.[40] | Lctbs reuteri | Activate TLR-9 | ↑ |
| Regulatory T cell production | |||
| Smits et al.[38] | Lctbs reuteri/casei | Prime monocyte-derived dendritic cells | ↑ |
| Torii et al.[42] | Bfdbm bifidum; Lctbs acidophilus | TGF-β production | ↑ |
| T cell hyporesponsiveness | |||
| Kruisselbrink et al.[33] | Lactobacillus plantarum | Inhibits specific T cell responses | ↑ |
| Braat et al.[37] | Lctbs rhamnosus | Modulates dendritic cell function | ↑ |
↑: Increase in symptoms or negative effect; ↓: decrease in symptoms or positive effect; ↔: no change in symptoms or no effect; Bfdbm: Bifidobacterium; Lctbs: Lactobacillus; LGG: Lctbs rhamnosus GG; IgA: immunoglobulin A; Th1: T helper type 1; IL: interleukin; TGF: transforming growth factor; IFN: interferon.