Fig. 3.

Co-staining of CD19 and CS1 distinguishes three distinct subsets of B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-CD19-middle, CS1-negative B cells (bottom square); CD19-high, CS1-low B cells (middle square); and CD19-low, CS1-high B cells (upper square). Representative dot plots from three healthy controls (a–c) and three SLE patients (d), patient 5, SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) = 9; (e), patient 9, SLEDAI = 6; (f), patient 1, SLEDAI = 15) were shown. Anti-CD56-allophycocyanin (APC) and anti-CS1-phycoerythrin (PE) were used to stain B cell populations in healthy control versus SLE patient and percentage of each subset in total CD19 B cells was indicated.