Table 1.

General characteristics of the patients with postoperative enterocutaneous fistulas and final results (mean  ±  SD)

Type of fistula	Sex (Male/female)	Age (yr)	Time of evolution (d)	Fistula output (mL/24 h)	Fistula closure time (d)	Restart oral intake (d)
Esophago-gastrocutaneous
Study group (n = 3)	3/0	48.6 ± 12.2	23.3 ± 7	70 ± 42.7	8 ± 4	12 ± 3.6
Control group (n = 7)	7/0	49.1 ± 10.5	18.8 ± 4.4	88.1 ± 19	19.1 ± 6	24 ± 8.6
1P value		P = 0.85	P = 0.24	P = 0.15	P < 0.05	P < 0.05
Gastrocutaneous
Study group (n = 5)	4/1	58.6 ± 9.4	93.8 ± 85.1	151.4 ± 146.1	7 ± 3.1	9.8 ± 2.4
Control group (n = 10)	6/4	47.4 ± 16.7	86.6 ± 69.8	131.4 ± 28.8	35.2 ± 18.7	39.7 ± 20.1
1P value		P = 0.19	P = 0.86	P = 0.67	P < 0.01	P < 0.01
Duodeno-jejunocutaneuos
Study group (n = 5)	2/3	38.2 ± 10.4	25.6 ± 4.9	111.6 ± 75.9	7.6 ± 2.6	11.6 ± 4.3
Control group (n = 10)	6/4	44.1 ± 11.2	22.8 ± 4.2	123.6 ± 19.9	30 ± 17.1	34.9 ± 17.2
1P value		P = 0.34	P = 0.27	P = 0.63	P < 0.01	P < 0.01
Ileocutaneous
Study group (n = 6)	2/4	53.1 ± 5	28.1 ± 9.6	132.8 ± 47.6	16.1 ± 21.6	18.3 ± 20.6
Control group (n =12)	6/6	55.4 ± 13.1	23 ± 4.7	143 ± 36	37.8 ± 17.2	42.5 ± 17.7
1P value		P = 0.69	P = 0.13	P = 0.61	P < 0.05	P < 0.05
Colocutaneous
Study group (n = 4)	3/1	61.5 ± 8.3	40.2 ± 17	87.7 ± 40.8	23.5 ± 19.5	25 ± 17.8
Control group (n = 8)	5/3	60.1 ± 11.9	33.1 ± 13.2	106.1 ± 16.5	36.2 ± 22.8	40 ± 23.1
1P value		P = 0.84	P = 0.44	P = 0.28	P = 0.36	P = 0.25
All types of enterocutaneous fistulas
Study group (n = 23)	14/9	51.9 ± 11.6	43.3 ± 46.3	116.2 ± 81.5	12.5 ± 14.2	15.3 ± 13.3
Control group (n = 70)	30/17	51.1 ± 13.7	37.5 ± 40.9	121.9 ± 31.5	32.5 ± 17.9	37.2 ± 18.4
2P value		P = 0.81	P = 0.59	P = 0.74	P = 0.000	P = 0.000

¹P value from the Mann Whitney U test;

²P value from the Student’s t test.