Table 1. Weighted characteristics of participants.
All participants
|
Caucasian participants
|
African-American participants
|
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Cases
|
Controls
|
Cases
|
Controls
|
Cases
|
Controls
|
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Variables | N | %a | N | %a | P-valueb | N | %a | N | %a | P-valueb | N | %a | N | %a | P-valueb |
Total | 1217 | 1235 | 856 | 712 | 361 | 523 | |||||||||
Sex | |||||||||||||||
Males | 720 | 61.8 | 689 | 61.4 | 495 | 62.0 | 439 | 61.6 | 225 | 61.3 | 250 | 60.8 | |||
Females | 497 | 38.2 | 546 | 38.6 | 0.10 | 361 | 38.0 | 273 | 38.4 | 0.07 | 136 | 38.8 | 273 | 39.2 | 0.54 |
Age at reference date (years) | |||||||||||||||
<45 | 147 | 10.5 | 179 | 10.5 | 106 | 10.2 | 93 | 10.2 | 41 | 11.6 | 86 | 11.6 | |||
45–54 | 287 | 21.6 | 270 | 21.6 | 185 | 20.0 | 145 | 20.0 | 102 | 26.1 | 125 | 26.1 | |||
55–64 | 372 | 29.4 | 350 | 29.4 | 255 | 29.1 | 205 | 29.1 | 117 | 30.2 | 145 | 30.2 | |||
65–74 | 303 | 27.1 | 329 | 27.1 | 221 | 28.1 | 196 | 28.1 | 82 | 24.3 | 133 | 24.3 | |||
75+ | 108 | 11.5 | 107 | 11.5 | <0.99 | 89 | 12.7 | 73 | 12.7 | <0.99 | 19 | 7.9 | 34 | 7.9 | <0.99 |
Mean age (years) | 59.9 | 59.9 | 60.5 | 60.4 | 58.5 | 58.4 | |||||||||
Study center | |||||||||||||||
Detroit | 1018 | 83.3 | 1038 | 82.7 | 738 | 84.9 | 611 | 83.9 | 280 | 78.6 | 427 | 79.0 | |||
Chicago | 199 | 16.7 | 197 | 17.3 | 0.57 | 118 | 15.1 | 101 | 16.1 | 0.50 | 81 | 21.4 | 96 | 21.0 | 0.88 |
BMI c | |||||||||||||||
<25 | 240 | 19.5 | 366 | 29.1 | 172 | 19.6 | 216 | 29.4 | 68 | 19.1 | 150 | 28.1 | |||
25–29.9 | 436 | 37.4 | 493 | 41.7 | 310 | 37.7 | 294 | 42.3 | 126 | 36.8 | 199 | 40.0 | |||
30–34.99 | 298 | 24.9 | 221 | 18.3 | 210 | 25.2 | 126 | 18.1 | 88 | 23.9 | 95 | 18.9 | |||
35+ | 230 | 18.2 | 147 | 10.9 | <0.001 | 156 | 17.6 | 74 | 10.1 | <0.001 | 74 | 20.2 | 73 | 13.1 | 0.01 |
Smoking status | |||||||||||||||
Never | 432 | 35.3 | 471 | 38.4 | 309 | 35.8 | 287 | 39.9 | 123 | 33.9 | 184 | 34.3 | |||
Occasionald | 55 | 4.7 | 55 | 4.0 | 34 | 4.2 | 25 | 3.5 | 21 | 6.2 | 30 | 5.4 | |||
Regular former smoker | 410 | 34.7 | 445 | 38.0 | 304 | 36.5 | 276 | 39.3 | 106 | 29.4 | 169 | 34.1 | |||
Regular current smoker | 320 | 25.3 | 264 | 19.7 | 0.03 | 209 | 23.5 | 124 | 17.4 | 0.05 | 111 | 30.5 | 140 | 26.3 | 0.25 |
History of hypertension | |||||||||||||||
No | 500 | 40.8 | 718 | 59.0 | 398 | 45.1 | 445 | 61.7 | 102 | 28.8 | 273 | 51.3 | |||
Yes | 701 | 59.2 | 508 | 41.0 | <0.001 | 445 | 55.0 | 262 | 38.3 | <0.001 | 256 | 71.2 | 246 | 48.7 | <0.001 |
Education level | |||||||||||||||
<12 years | 200 | 16.7 | 165 | 12.0 | 103 | 12.7 | 65 | 9.4 | 97 | 28.1 | 100 | 19.1 | |||
High school graduate | 419 | 34.5 | 390 | 31.5 | 315 | 36.6 | 214 | 30.8 | 104 | 28.7 | 176 | 33.5 | |||
Some college | 328 | 26.3 | 356 | 27.3 | 215 | 24.9 | 184 | 25.6 | 113 | 30.3 | 172 | 32.1 | |||
College graduate | 270 | 22.5 | 324 | 29.3 | <0.001 | 223 | 25.9 | 249 | 34.2 | 0.001 | 47 | 12.8 | 75 | 15.3 | 0.01 |
Abbreviation: BMI=body mass index.
A sample-weighted frequency distribution.
P-value from sample Wald F-test.
BMI 5 years before interview.
Smoked 100 cigarettes in the lifetime, but never smoked at least 1 cigarette a day for 6 months or longer.
The following data are unknown: BMI (eight Caucasian cases, two Caucasian controls, five African-American cases, six African-American controls), history of hypertension (thirteen Caucasian cases, five Caucasian controls, three African-American cases, four African-American controls).