Table 2. Family history of cancer and risk of renal cell carcinoma, stratified by race.
All participantsa
|
Caucasian participantsb
|
African-American participantsb
|
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases
|
Controls
|
Cases
|
Controls
|
Cases
|
Controls
|
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N | %c | N | %c | OR | 95% CI | N | %c | N | %c | OR | 95% CI | N | %c | N | %c | OR | 95% CI | P-valued | |
Family history of kidney cancer | |||||||||||||||||||
At least one first-degree relative with kidney cancer | |||||||||||||||||||
No | 517 | 90.8 | 566 | 95.6 | 1.00 | 334 | 90.8 | 278 | 94.6 | 1.00 | 183 | 90.8 | 288 | 97.6 | 1.00 | ||||
Yes | 52 | 9.2 | 24 | 4.4 | 2.29 | (1.31–4.00) | 33 | 9.2 | 15 | 5.4 | 1.98 | (0.99–4.03) | 19 | 9.2 | 9 | 2.4 | 3.96 | (1.45–10.84) | 0.34 |
At least one parent with kidney cancer | |||||||||||||||||||
No | 517 | 94.2 | 566 | 95.9 | 1.00 | 334 | 94.6 | 278 | 95.0 | 1.00 | 183 | 93.4 | 288 | 97.9 | 1.00 | ||||
Yes | 33 | 5.8 | 22 | 4.1 | 1.45 | (0.77–2.72) | 19 | 5.4 | 14 | 5.0 | 1.13 | (0.50–2.58) | 14 | 6.6 | 8 | 2.1 | 2.98 | (1.06–8.37) | 0.19 |
At least one sibling with kidney cancer | |||||||||||||||||||
No | 517 | 94.3 | 566 | 98.1 | 1.00 | 334 | 94.0 | 278 | 98.1 | 1.00 | 183 | 95.0 | 288 | 98.2 | 1.00 | ||||
Yes | 29 | 5.7 | 10 | 1.9 | 3.09 | (1.33–7.20) | 20 | 6.0 | 5 | 1.9 | 3.54 | (1.18–10.62) | 9 | 5.0 | 5 | 1.8 | 2.42 | (0.61–9.60) | 0.63 |
Family history of non-renal cancers | |||||||||||||||||||
At least one first-degree relative with cancer | |||||||||||||||||||
No | 517 | 43.9 | 566 | 43.1 | 1.00 | 334 | 40.2 | 278 | 38.9 | 1.00 | 183 | 54.6 | 288 | 55.0 | 1.00 | ||||
Yes | 636 | 56.1 | 633 | 56.9 | 0.97 | (0.79–1.19) | 484 | 59.8 | 413 | 61.1 | 0.95 | (0.75–1.21) | 152 | 45.4 | 220 | 45.0 | 1.03 | (0.76–1.41) | 0.57 |
At least one parent with cancer | |||||||||||||||||||
No | 517 | 51.1 | 566 | 50.0 | 1.00 | 334 | 46.7 | 278 | 45.2 | 1.00 | 183 | 63.9 | 288 | 63.2 | 1.00 | ||||
Yes | 479 | 48.9 | 478 | 50.0 | 0.93 | (0.75–1.15) | 376 | 53.3 | 322 | 54.8 | 0.92 | (0.71–1.18) | 103 | 36.1 | 156 | 36.8 | 0.95 | (0.68–1.32) | 0.88 |
At least one sibling with cancer | |||||||||||||||||||
No | 517 | 64.7 | 566 | 64.1 | 1.00 | 334 | 62.0 | 278 | 60.3 | 1.00 | 183 | 71.3 | 288 | 73.4 | 1.00 | ||||
Yes | 269 | 35.3 | 265 | 35.9 | 0.98 | (0.74–1.30) | 195 | 38.0 | 166 | 39.7 | 0.93 | (0.68–1.28) | 74 | 28.7 | 99 | 26.6 | 1.16 | (0.75–1.79) | 0.36 |
At least one offspring with cancer | |||||||||||||||||||
No | 517 | 94.6 | 566 | 93.7 | 1.00 | 334 | 92.7 | 278 | 91.8 | 1.00 | 183 | 99.0 | 288 | 97.7 | 1.00 | ||||
Yes | 26 | 5.4 | 31 | 6.3 | 0.83 | (0.47–1.48) | 24 | 7.3 | 25 | 8.2 | 0.88 | (0.48–1.62) | 2 | 1.0 | 6 | 2.3 | 0.46 | (0.04–5.77) | 0.52 |
Abbreviations: CI=confidence interval; OR=odds ratio.
Adjusted for age at reference date, sex, study center, smoking status, history of hypertension, body mass index, education, family size, and race.
Adjusted for age at reference date, sex, study center, smoking status, history of hypertension, body mass index, education, and family size.
A sample-weighted frequency distribution.
Interaction P-value using a t-test.
The ‘No’ variable for all exposure–response groups represents participants with no familial history of cancer (or kidney cancer) among first-degree relatives.
Analysis for at least one offspring with kidney cancer was not calculated due to small numbers (four cases, one control).