Table 3.

Pooled relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of renal cell cancer associated with quintiles of intakes of fruits and vegetables

	Quintile 1	Quintile 2	Quintile 3	Quintile 4	Quintile 5	P values, test for trend	P values, test for between-studies heterogeneity*	P values, test for between-studies heterogeneity due to sex*
Total fruits and vegetables
Age-adjusted	1.00	0.92 (0.75–1.11)	0.92 (0.76–1.10)	0.84 (0.70–1.00)	0.78 (0.66–0.92)	.005	.66	.62
Multivariate†	1.00	0.92 (0.76–1.13)	0.93 (0.77–1.11)	0.84 (0.69–1.02)	0.76 (0.64–0.91)	.002	.65	.38
Total fruits
Age-adjusted	1.00	0.92 (0.79–1.08)	0.94 (0.80–1.10)	0.85 (0.72–1.00)	0.79 (0.67–0.93)	.01	.91	.93
Multivariate†	1.00	0.94 (0.80–1.10)	0.96 (0.82–1.13)	0.87 (0.73–1.02)	0.80 (0.67–0.95)	.01	.86	.90
Total vegetables
Age-adjusted	1.00	0.91 (0.76–1.09)	0.89 (0.73–1.08)	0.92 (0.79–1.09)	0.88 (0.71–1.09)	.24	.08	.40
Multivariate†	1.00	0.93 (0.77–1.12)	0.90 (0.74–1.10)	0.94 (0.80–1.11)	0.87 (0.69–1.08)	.13	.09	.53

^*For the highest category.

^†Multivariable models were adjusted for history of hypertension (yes/no), body mass index (continuous), pack-years of smoking (continuous), combination of parity and age at first birth (age at first birth < 25 and parity of 1 or 2; age at first birth ≥ 25 years and parity of 1 or 2, or nulliparous; age at first birth <25 years and parity of ≥ 3; and age at first birth ≥ 25 years and parity of ≥ 3), alcohol intake (continuous), and total energy intake (continuous). Age and year of questionnaire return were adjusted as stratification variables.