. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jun 10.

Published in final edited form as: Horm Behav. 2007 Nov 22;53(2):378–385. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.11.004

Table 1.

AAS-treated adolescent males were less likely to display submissive behaviors than vehicle controls and adult males

Submissive behavior	Adolescent—vehicle (n = 13)	Adolescent—AAS treated (n = 14)	Adult—vehicle (n = 11)	Adult—AAS treated (n = 12)
Tail-up walking	3 ± 1.5 (5/13)^*	0 (0/14)	3.4 ± 1.9 (3/11)^*	1.8 ± 1.2 (3/12)^*
Escape dashes	3.5 ± 1.8 (4/13)^*	0 (0/14)	6 ± 3.2 (4/11)^*	4.3 ± 3.1 (2/12)
Defensive posturing	4.3 ± 1.6 (7/13)^*	0.3 ± 0.2 (2/14)	7 ± 2 (5/11)	5.2 ± 1.5 (6/12)^*

Each treatment group was compared to the adolescent AAS-treated males by using chi-square analysis to determine the frequency distribution of each behavior. Numbers in parentheses indicate the number (proportion) of subjects in each group that displayed at least one instance of tail-up walking, escape dashes, or defensive posturing.

p<0.05 in chi-square analysis of frequency of behavior in AAS-treated adolescents vs. each of the other three groups.