Fig. 4.

Farnesol reduces the viability of bacteria that have already attached to titanium alloy discs. Staphylococcus aureus was pre-cultured with titanium discs for one hour or twenty-four hours. Following the pre-culture periods, the media were changed and the discs were cultured for twenty-four hours in the presence or absence of 30-mM farnesol. The effect of farnesol was evaluated with fluorescence microscopy (magnification, 8×) (A), and the number of viable bacteria was quantified (B). The single asterisk denotes p < 0.0001, the double asterisks denote p < 0.001, and NS indicates not significant. CFU = colony-forming units.