FIG. 2.

PICV infection increases expression of NF-κB p50. Quadruplicate cultures of mock, P2, and P18 PICV-infected cells were harvested in SDS-PAGE loading buffer at 24 h post-infection, and total levels of p50 were detected by immunoblotting. (A) Levels of p50 in infected cells were calculated relative to levels in mock-infected cells by densitometry (n = 4). (B) A cell-based phospho-specific ELISA was used to investigate Src phosphorylation in vitro over the time-course of infection. Error bars show the standard error of the mean (n = 3). Statistically significant differences between P2 and P18 are shown by an asterisk (Student's t-test, p < 0.05). (C) Murine macrophage-like P388D1 cells were stimulated with poly(I:C) following treatment with XBY-6 or liposomes alone. Supernatant levels of TNF-α and IL-12p40 were assayed by ELISA. (D) Guinea pigs (n = 6 per group) were treated with thioaptamer XBY-6 in liposomes as described in (12), with either XBY-6 thioaptamer targeting NF-κB p50/p50 (XBY), a control (scrambled) thioaptamer B92 (B92), liposomes alone (LIPO), or no treatment (omitted here for clarity, but described in the text).