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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Gastroenterology. 2010 Mar 12;138(7):2509–2518.e1. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.03.008

Figure 7. Schematic model of possible pathway of HCV increases TGF-β1 expression through generation of ROS and NFκB activation.

Figure 7

HCV infection induces ROS generation. ROS activate the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, JNK, and ERK. The phosphorylated p38 MAPK, JNK, and p42/44 MEK subsequently activate the phosphorylation of NFκB. The activated NFκB translocates to the nucleus to upregulate large amount of cytokine genes including TGF-β1 production.