Table 3.

Comparison of areas under concentration–time curve of the major midazolam metabolite 1′-hydroxymidazolam after intranasal and intravenous application of midazolam as indicator of oral absorption of midazolam after intranasal administration

	AUC(0,∞) (ng ml−1min)
Formulation	1′-hydroxymidazolam	AUCin : AUC iv
Midazolam 1 mg i.v.	294 ± 73	NA
Formulation 1	305 ± 67	1.05 ± 0.09
Formulation 2	317 ± 130	1.06 ± 0.24
Formulation 3	311 ± 82	1.06 ± 0.11
Formulation 4	293 ± 83*	1.00 ± 0.18
Formulation 5	280 ± 53*	0.97 ± 0.15

Values are mean ± SD. i.n., intranasal application.

^*AUCs of the 3 mg formulations are dose-normalized.