Table 2.
Odds ratios for the outcomes of interest according to the groups of NSAID studied and the frequency of use in the last 2 years
| Myocardial infarction | Peripheral arterial disease | Heart failure | Arrhythmias | Cardiac arrest | All-cause mortality | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR* (95% CI) | OR* (95% CI) | OR* (95% CI) | OR* (95% CI) | OR* (95% CI) | OR* (95% CI) | |
| NSAID type (used in last 2 years) | ||||||
| No NSAID | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ns-NSAIDs | 1.02 (0.97, 1.07) | 0.98 (0.81, 1.20) | 1.02 (0.98, 1.06) | 1.00 (0.92, 1.10) | 0.85 (0.73, 0.98) | 0.94 (0.90, 0.97) |
| Ox-Sul-ns-NSAIDs | 1.00 (0.93, 1.07) | 1.30 (1.02, 1.66) | 0.92 (0.87, 0.97) | 0.95 (0.84, 1.08) | 0.93 (0.77, 1.12) | 0.85 (0.80, 0.89) |
| COX-2 inhibitors | 1.02 (0.97, 1.06) | 0.89 (0.76, 1.05) | 0.96 (0.93, 0.99) | 0.97 (0.90, 1.05) | 0.90 (0.81, 1.01) | 0.90 (0.88, 0.93) |
| Any NSAID | 1.00 (0.96, 1.04) | 0.99 (0.86, 1.16) | 0.95 (0.92, 0.98) | 0.95 (0.89, 1.02) | 0.87 (0.78, 0.97) | 0.87 (0.85, 0.90) |
| NSAID supplies (in last 2 years) | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1–4 | 0.95 (0.90, 1.00) | 1.02 (0.84, 1.23) | 0.97 (0.94, 1.01) | 0.97 (0.89, 1.06) | 0.87 (0.76, 1.00) | 0.93 (0.90, 0.97) |
| 5–10 | 0.94 (0.87, 1.01) | 0.83 (0.63, 1.11) | 0.92 (0.87, 0.97) | 0.93 (0.82, 1.06) | 0.86 (0.71, 1.06) | 0.87 (0.83, 0.92) |
| 11–19 | 1.08 (1.01, 1.15) | 1.00 (0.78, 1.28) | 0.95 (0.90, 1.00) | 0.94 (0.83, 1.05) | 0.89 (0.75, 1.07) | 0.82 (0.78, 0.86) |
| 20+ | 1.10 (1.01, 1.19) | 1.16 (0.86, 1.56) | 0.95 (0.89, 1.01) | 0.96 (0.83, 1.11) | 0.83 (0.67, 1.04) | 0.74 (0.69, 0.79) |
| Individual NSAIDs | ||||||
| Diclofenac | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1–4 | 0.82 (0.74, 0.92) | 1.17 (0.86, 1.60) | 0.97 (0.91, 1.04) | 1.10 (0.95, 1.27) | 0.73 (0.56, 0.95) | 0.92 (0.86, 0.98) |
| 5–10 | 0.85 (0.69, 1.05) | 0.88 (0.41, 1.89) | 0.92 (0.79, 1.06) | 0.76 (0.52, 1.12) | 0.75 (0.43, 1.32) | 0.83 (0.72, 0.96) |
| 11–19 | 1.04 (0.85, 1.26) | 0.86 (0.38, 1.97) | 0.85 (0.73, 0.99) | 1.04 (0.75, 1.44) | 0.79 (0.44, 1.41) | 0.76 (0.65, 0.89) |
| 20+ | 1.00 (0.74, 1.36) | 1.08 (0.33, 3.49) | 0.82 (0.64, 1.05) | 1.04 (0.63, 1.74) | 1.12 (0.54, 2.29) | 0.76 (0.59, 0.98) |
| Naproxen | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1–4 | 0.93 (0.79, 1.09) | 0.85 (0.48, 1.49) | 0.97 (0.87, 1.09) | 0.97 (0.75, 1.25) | 1.03 (0.72, 1.48) | 1.03 (0.93, 1.14) |
| 5–10 | 1.31 (1.00, 1.70) | 1.22 (0.44, 3.44) | 1.09 (0.87, 1.35) | 0.78 (0.43, 1.44) | 0.47 (0.15, 1.51) | 0.99 (0.80, 1.23) |
| 11–19 | 1.27 (0.93, 1.74) | 1.47 (0.53, 4.09) | 1.16 (0.92, 1.47) | 1.64 (1.03, 2.61) | 1.43 (0.62, 2.30) | 0.95 (0.74, 1.22) |
| 20+ | 1.19 (0.74, 1.92) | 1.49 (0.20, 11.37) | 1.40 (0.98, 2.00) | 0.18 (0.03, 1.32) | 0.80 (0.19, 3.35) | 0.99 (0.66, 1.48) |
| Ibuprofen | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1–4 | 0.94 (0.82, 1.08) | 1.02 (0.64, 1.64) | 1.05 (0.95, 1.15) | 0.96 (0.76, 1.21) | 0.95 (0.67, 1.34) | 0.98 (0.89, 1.07) |
| 5–10 | 0.92 (0.64, 1.31) | – | 1.05 (0.81, 1.35) | 0.86 (0.45, 1.63) | 0.76 (0.30, 1.87) | 0.72 (0.55, 0.94) |
| 11–19 | 1.06 (0.67, 1.69) | 1.67 (0.39, 7.22) | 1.31 (0.96, 1.79) | 1.06 (0.46, 2.44) | 1.41 (0.50, 3.97) | 1.09 (0.79, 1.51) |
| 20+ | 1.32 (0.41, 4.26) | – | 0.67 (0.16, 2.77) | 1.06 (0.14, 8.00) | – | 0.46 (0.11, 1.98) |
| Meloxicam | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1–4 | 1.02 (0.93, 1.13) | 1.26 (0.90, 1.79) | 0.90 (0.84, 0.98) | 1.01 (0.85, 1.20) | 0.85 (0.64, 1.12) | 0.87 (0.81, 0.94) |
| 5–10 | 1.02 (0.85, 1.22) | 1.37 (0.71, 2.64) | 0.85 (0.73, 0.98) | 0.76 (0.53, 1.09) | 0.72 (0.42, 1.24) | 0.79 (0.70, 0.90) |
| 11–19 | 0.81 (0.64, 1.01) | 1.17 (0.56, 2.42) | 0.98 (0.83, 1.14) | 0.99 (0.69, 1.40) | 0.89 (0.51, 1.58) | 0.73 (0.63, 0.86) |
| 20+ | 1.21 (0.84, 1.75) | 2.10 (0.62, 7.11) | 0.96 (0.72, 1.28) | 0.71 (0.33, 1.53) | 0.80 (0.29, 2.26) | 0.58 (0.43, 0.80) |
*
Adjusted for age (to nearest year), residential aged care status (in RAC for at least 6 months prior to index date), public or private hospital admissions (for diabetes, obesity, dementia, hypertension, IHD, respiratory disease, liver disease, rheumatoid arthritis or renal disease) at any time prior to the index date, and the use of salicylic acid and derivatives or medications for the following conditions: obesity, diabetes, thrombosis, cardiovascular disease, dementia and obstructive airways diseases within 4 months prior to the index date.