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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2009 Dec;24(6):478–484. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00545.x

Fig. 3. Induction of proinflammatory cytokine production by Type I or Type II P. gingivalis strains or mutants.

Fig. 3

Primary mouse macrophages were incubated with medium only or with the indicated strains of P. gingivalis (MOI = 10:1). After 24h, induction of release of TNF-α (A), IL-6 (B), or IL-12p40 in culture supernatants was determined by ELISA. Data are means ± SD (n = 3) from one of two experiments with consistent results. Asterisks show statistically significant differences (*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001) among WT and SM strains. Black circles indicate significantly reduced activities (p < 0.05) in FimA-deficient mutants compared to their corresponding parent strains.