Fig. 1.

IN CpG treatment attenuated AHR in TLR9+/+ but not TLR9–/– mice. Airway resistance analysis in TLR9+/+ and TLR9–/– Aspergillus-sensitized and conidium-challenged mice treated with IN CpG (a) or IP CpG (b) on alternate days from day 14 to day 28 after conidium challenge. Peak increases in airway resistance or hyperresponsiveness were determined at each time point after the intravenous injection of methacholine (MTH). Airway resistance was 1.89 ± 0.11 cm H₂O/ml/s in untreated TLR9+/+ mice and 16.96 ± 3.86 cm H₂O/ml/s after intravenous MTH administration. Means ± SEM; n = 5/group/time point. ∗ p ≤ 0.05; ∗∗∗ p ≤ 0.001, vs. the appropriate baseline measurement or the indicated treatment group following MTH challenge.