Table 1.
Characteristics of included randomized controlled trials
| Source | Intervention | Trial type | Inclusion of CKD patients | Number of patients | Mean age years | Male % | ladad score1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-inflammatory | |||||||
| Adabagetal. [18], 2008 | NAC | Prevention | Yes | 102 | 71 | 100 | 5 |
| Amano et al. [19], 1994 | Glutathione | Prevention | No | 19 | 57.5 | NR | 3 |
| Barr and Kolodner [22], 2008 | NAC, fenoldopam | Prevention | Yes | 79 | 74.2 | 65.8 | 4 |
| Bolcaletal. [25], 2006 | Leukodepletion | Prevention | Yes | 50 | 56.9 | 72 | 3 |
| Burns et al. [28], 2005 | NAC | Prevention | Yes | 295 | 69.1 | 78.7 | 5 |
| Fischer et al. [41], 2005 | NAC | Prevention | NR | 40 | 66 | 77.5 | 5 |
| Gerrahetal. [44], 2004 | Aspirin | Prevention | Yes | 94 | 68.5 | 78 | 1 |
| Haaseetal. [45], 2007 | NAC | Prevention | Yes | 60 | 68.6 | 73.3 | 5 |
| Loefetal. [54], 2004 | Dexamethasone | Prevention | No | 20 | 63.7 | 85 | 3 |
| McBride et al. [58], 2004 | Methylprednisolone | Prevention | Yes | 36 | 61.45 | 97.2 | 2 |
| Ristikankare et al. [67], 2006 | NAC | Prevention | Yes | 77 | 70.5 | 80.5 | 5 |
| Sisillo et al. [73], 2008 | NAC | Prevention | Yes | 254 | 72.5 | 49 | 5 |
| Tang et al. [78], 2002 | Leukodepletion | Prevention | Yes | 44 | 63.5 | 85 | 3 |
| Wijeysundera et al. [81], 2007 | NAC | Prevention | Yes | 177 | 73.5 | 59.5 | 5 |
| Natriuretics/diuretics | |||||||
| Chen et al. [33], 2007 | Nesiritide | Prevention | Yes | 36 | 77.5 | 61.5 | 4 |
| Hayashida et al. [47], 2000 | ANP | Prevention | NR | 18 | 60.3 | 80 | 2 |
| Mahesh et al. [55], 2008 | Furosemide | Prevention | Yes | 42 | 71.3 | 73.8 | 4 |
| Mentzer et al. [59], 2007 | Nesiritide | Prevention | Yes | 272 | 63.9 | 78.5 | 5 |
| Meyer et al. [60], 1997 | Urodilatin | Treatment | Yes | 14 | 59.4 | NR | 3 |
| Nuutinen and Hollmen [64], 1976 | Furosemide | Prevention | NR | 45 | 35.1 | 53.3 | 1 |
| Sezaietal. [70], 2000 | ANP | Prevention | NR | 40 | 63.5 | 87.5 | 3 |
| Sezaietal. [71], 2007 | ANP | Prevention | No | 124 | 67.25 | 70.2 | 3 |
| Sirivella et al. [72], 2000 | Mannitol, furosemide, DA | Treatment | Yes | 100 | 71 | 62.5 | 3 |
| Smith et al. [74], 2008 | Mannitol | Prevention | Yes | 47 | 74.7 | 72.3 | 5 |
| Sward et al. [77], 2004 | ANP | Treatment | Yes | 59 | 69.7 | 71 | 5 |
| Yallopetal. [84], 2008 | Mannitol | Prevention | No | 40 | 63.2 | 75 | 5 |
| Vasodilators | |||||||
| Abe et al. [17], 1993 | PGE1 | Prevention | NR | 20 | 55 | NR | 3 |
| Amano et al. [20], 1995 | Diltiazem | Prevention | NR | 23 | 54.4 | NR | 2 |
| Berendes et al. [23], 1997 | Dopexamine | Prevention | NR | 44 | 61.5 | 59.1 | 3 |
| Bergman et al. [24], 2002 | Diltiazem | Prevention | Yes | 24 | 72.5 | 92 | 5 |
| Boveetal. [27], 2005 | DA, fenoldopam | Prevention | Yes | 80 | 68.5 | 72.5 | 4 |
| Caimmietal. [29], 2003 | Fenoldopam | Prevention | Yes | 160 | 69 | 66.3 | 2 |
| Carcoana et al. [30], 2003 | DA, mannitol | Prevention | Yes | 100 | 64 | 72 | 5 |
| Cogliati et al. [34], 2007 | Fenoldopam | Prevention | Yes | 193 | 70 | 0.6 | 5 |
| Colsonetal. [35], 1990 | ACE inhibitor | Prevention | Yes | 18 | 58 | 100 | 3 |
| Costa et al. [36], 1990 | DA, nitroprusside | Prevention | Yes | 36 | 58.6 | NR | 3 |
| Dehneetal. [37], 2001 | Dopexamine | Prevention | NR | 36 | 63.4 | 100 | 2 |
| Durai et al. [39], 2000 | DA, mannitol | Prevention | No | 36 | 53.7 | 63.9 | 3 |
| Gatotetal. [43],2004 | DA | Prevention | Yes | 82 | 65 | NR | 5 |
| Halpenny et al. [46], 2001 | Fenoldopam | Prevention | No | 31 | 64 | 24.3 | 3 |
| Kayaetal. [48], 2007 | Sodium nitroprusside | Prevention | Yes | 240 | 61.1 | 63.7 | 5 |
| Kramer et al. [50], 2002 | Theophylline | Prevention | No | 56 | 60.4 | 75 | 4 |
| Lassnigg et al. [52], 2000 | DA, furosemide | Prevention | Yes | 123 | 63.3 | 68.3 | 4 |
| Lema et al. [53], 1998 | DA, phenylephrine | Prevention | Yes | 17 | 65 | 85 | 2 |
| Monaco et al. [61], 2005 | DA | Prevention | Yes | 67 | 65.8 | 70.7 | 2 |
| Morgeraetal. [62], 2002 | Prostacyclin | Prevention | NR | 34 | 61.5 | 91.2 | 3 |
| Mylesetal. [63], 1993 | DA | Prevention | Yes | 52 | 61.6 | 63 | 4 |
| Piper et al. [66], 2003 | DA, diltiazem | Prevention | Yes | 60 | 67.7 | 66.7 | 5 |
| Ryckwaert et al. [68], 2001 | ACE inhibitor | Prevention | Yes | 14 | 63.2 | 92.9 | 4 |
| Sumerayetal. [76], 2001 | DA | Prevention | Yes | 36 | 63.4 | 91.7 | 5 |
| Tang et al. [80], 1999 | DA | Prevention | No | 40 | 58.7 | 60 | 2 |
| Witczaketal. [82], 2008 | Nifedipine | Prevention | Yes | 20 | 66.8 | 80 | 5 |
| Woo et al. [83], 2002 | DA | Prevention | Yes | 42 | 65.5 | 58.5 | 3 |
| Yavuzetal. [85], 2002 | DA | Prevention | No | 22 | 56.1 | 91 | 2 |
| Yavuzetal. [86], 2002 | DA, diltiazem | Prevention | No | 60 | 59.3 | 86.7 | 2 |
| Operative | |||||||
| Ascioneetal. [21], 1999 | Off-pump | Prevention | Yes | 50 | 61.6 | 90 | 2 |
| Carrier et al. [31], 2003 | Off-pump | Prevention | Yes | 65 | 70 | 76.9 | 3 |
| Celiketal. [32], 2005 | Off-pump | Prevention | Yes | 60 | 67.1 | 51.7 | 3 |
| Kocakulaket al. [49], 2005 | Off-pump pulsatile | Prevention | NR | 40 | 53.7 | 77.5 | 2 |
| Masoumi et al. [57], 2008 | Off-pump | Prevention | NR | 124 | 58.9 | 83 | 3 |
| Onoratietal. [65], 2007 | Off-pump pulsatile | Prevention | Yes | 100 | 68 | 93 | 3 |
| Sajjaetal. [69], 2007 | Off-pump | Prevention | Yes | 116 | 60.3 | 88.8 | 3 |
| Strakaetal. [75], 2004 | Off-pump | Prevention | Yes | 388 | 62.5 | 81.5 | 3 |
| Tang et al. [79], 2002 | Off-pump | Prevention | Yes | 40 | 66 | 80 | 3 |
| Other | |||||||
| Boldtetal. [26], 2008 | Albumin | Prevention | Yes | 50 | 82.5 | 50 | 2 |
| Demirkilic et al. [38], 2004 | Early CVVHDF | Treatment | Yes | 61 | 60.5 | NR | 2 |
| Durmazetal. [40], 2003 | RRT | Prevention | Yes | 44 | 56.2 | 79.4 | 2 |
| Gandhi et al. [42], 2007 | Insulin | Prevention | NR | 371 | 63 | 69 | 5 |
| Kulkaetal. [51], 1996 | Clonidine | Prevention | NR | 50 | 57.5 | 78 | 3 |
| Marathias et al. [56], 2006 | Hydration with 0.5% normal saline | Prevention | Yes | 64.1 | 95 | 2 | |
Multicenter trials: Burns et al. [28], Kaya et al. [48], Mentzer et al. [59], Meyer et al. [60], and Sward et al. [77]. Industry sponsor: Barr and Kolodner [22], Chen et al. [33], Gandhi et al. [42], Hal-penny et al. [46], and Kramer et al. [50],
NAC = N-Acetylcysteine; ANP = atrial natriuretic peptide; DA = dopamine; ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; NR = not reported; RRT = renal replacement therapy; CVVHDF = continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration.
1
Jadad score awards one point for randomization, appropriateness of randomization, blinding, appropriateness of blinding, and description of withdrawal and dropouts, with a maximum score of 5.