Table 4.
Factors Associated With Trajectory Group Membership, Before Adjusting for Time-Varying Covariates (M1)
| Trajectory | Parameter | M1.1 | M1.2 |
| Excellent functional health | Reference group | ||
| Good functional health with small increasing disability | Constant | 0.001*** | 0.004*** |
| Dead | 5.415*** | 5.157*** | |
| Ever attrition | 1.118 | 1.196 | |
| Age in 1995 | 1.096*** | 1.090*** | |
| Female | 1.135* | 1.159* | |
| Black | 2.061*** | 1.797*** | |
| Hispanic | 1.701*** | 1.041 | |
| Education | 0.901*** | ||
| Baseline ADL/IADL | 6.407*** | ||
| High but stable disability | Constant | 0.028*** | 0.024*** |
| Dead | 3.613*** | 0.137 | |
| Ever attrition | 0.820 | 1.035 | |
| Age in 1995 | 1.009 | 1.035** | |
| Female | 1.555*** | 1.570** | |
| Black | 3.497*** | 2.406*** | |
| Hispanic | 2.911*** | 0.964 | |
| Education | 0.832*** | ||
| Baseline ADL/IADL | 19.383*** | ||
| Accelerated increase in disability | Constant | 0.000*** | 0.000*** |
| Dead | 21.444*** | 23.604*** | |
| Ever attrition | 1.381 | 1.051 | |
| Age in 1995 | 1.154*** | 1.138*** | |
| Female | 1.633*** | 1.657*** | |
| Black | 3.269*** | 2.382*** | |
| Hispanic | 2.575*** | 1.216 | |
| Education | 0.857*** | ||
| Baseline ADL/IADL | 14.723*** | ||
| Persistent severe disability | Constant | 0.000*** | 0.000*** |
| Dead | 31.572*** | 34.368*** | |
| Ever attrition | 0.892 | 0.684 | |
| Age in 1995 | 1.138*** | 1.129*** | |
| Female | 2.108*** | 1.968*** | |
| Black | 4.784*** | 2.460*** | |
| Hispanic | 5.163*** | 1.729* | |
| Education | 0.834*** | ||
| Baseline ADL/IADL | 28.354*** | ||
| Model fit statistics | |||
| BIC (N = 71,124) | −59,483.88 | −57,263.55 | |
| BIC (N = 18,486) | −59,450.87 | −57,225.15 | |
| AIC fit index | −59,259.16 | −57,002.15 | |
| Log likelihood | −59,210.16 | −56,945.15 |
Notes: Level 1, N = 71,124; Level 2, N = 18,486. Data reflect aggregate results from multiple imputation. Estimates are reported as relative risk ratios. BIC = Bayesian information criterion; AIC = Akaike's information criterion; ADL = activities of daily living; IADL = instrumental activities of daily living.
*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.