Table 1.
Studies examining behavioral inhibition and internalizing behavior problems/anxiety disorders
| Citations | Ages of Assessment, in years | Environmental factors | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BI | Internalizing | Anxiety Dx | ||
| Biederman et al. (1990) | 4–7 (o) | 4–7 (ca) | ||
| Biederman et al. (1993) | 2–8 (o) | 5–12 (ca) | ||
| Biederman et al. (2001)* | 2–6 (o) | 5–6 (ca) | Parental psychopathology (mo) | |
| Bosquet & Egeland (2006) | 7–10 days (ca) | 5–6, 11, 16 (ar) | 17 (ca) | |
| Chavira et al. (2002) | ≥ 18 (sr) | ≥ 18 (ca) | ||
| Crockenberg & Leerkes (2006)* | 6 months (pr) | 2 (pr) | Maternal behavior (mo) | |
| Chronis-Tuscano et al. (2009) | 1–7 (ar) | 14–16 (ar, sr) | 14–16 (ca) | |
| Coplan et al. (2006) | 6–14 (sr) | 6–14 (sr) | ||
| Coplan et al. (2008)* | 5–6 (o, ar) | 5–6 (ar) | Maternal parenting style, personality (mo) | |
| Degnan et al. (2008)* | 4 months, 4 (o) | 7 (o, ar) | Maternal behavior (mo), personality (mo) | |
| Fox et al. (2001) | 1–4 (o) | 4 (ar) | ||
| Gladstone et al. (2005) | ≥ 18 (sr) | ≥ 18 (ca) | ||
| Gladstone & Parker (2005) | ≥ 18 (sr) | ≥ 18 (sr) | ||
| Hayward et al. (1998) | 14–18 (sr) | 14–18 (sr) | 14–18 (ca) | |
| Heiser et al. (2003) | ≥ 18 (sr) | ≥ 18 (ca) | ||
| Henderson et al. (2004) | 1–2 (o, ar) | 4 (ar) | ||
| Hirshfeld et al. (1992) | 2–7 (o) | 7–8 (ca) | ||
| Hirshfeld-Becker et al. (2007) | 2–6 (o) | 6–15 (ca) | ||
| Kagan et al. (1984) | 2 (o) | 4 (ar) | ||
| Kagan et al. (1999) | 4 months (o) | 7 (ar) | ||
| Lemery et al. (2002) | 3–4 (ar) | 5 (ar) | ||
| McDermott et al. (2009) | 1–7 (o) | 14–16 (ca) | ||
| Mick & Telch (1998) | ≥ 18 (sr) | ≥ 18 (sr) | ||
| Muris et al. (2007) | 9–13 (sr) | 9–13 (sr) | ||
| Rankin Williams et al. (2009)* | 1–2 (o) | 4, 7, 14–16 (ar) | Maternal parenting style (mo) | |
| Reeb-Sutherland et al. (2009) | 1–7 (o) | 14–16 (ca) | ||
| Reznick et al. (1992) | ≥ 18 (sr, ar) | ≥ 18 (sr, ca) | ||
| Rubin et al (1989) | 5–6, 7 (o, peer) | 9–10 (sr) | ||
| Rubin et al. (1995) | 7 (o, sr) | 14 (sr) | ||
| Rubin et al., (2002)* | 2 (o) | 4 (ar) | Maternal behavior (mo) | |
| Schwartz et al. (1999) | 1–2 (o) | 13 (ca, o) | ||
| Shamir-Essakow et al. (2005)* | 3–4 (o, ar) | 3–4 (ca) | Attachment (mo) | |
| Stifter et al. (2008) | 2 (o) | 4 (ar) | ||
| van Brakel et al. (2006)* | 11–15 (sr) | 11–15 (sr) | Attachment (mo), Maternal behavior (mo) | |
Note: Type of assessment: (o) = observational, (ar) = adult report, (sr) = self-report, (ca) = clinical assessment; Model effect: (me) = mediational, (mo) = moderational;
*
denotes studies that examined an indirect effect of environment on the relations between BI and Internalizing/Anxiety