Table 1.

Substance Use, Antisocial Behavior/Behavioral Disinhibition, and Mental Health Problems at age 17.

	Never (n=226)	Adult Onset, Desist (n=84)	Adult Onset, Persist (n=58)	Adol Onset, Desist (n=22)	Adol Onset, Persist (n=35)	Adolescent Onset (η2)	Persistent Course (η2)
Substance use and abuse
Access to substances	46.8 (9.2)	48.5 (7.6)	52.8 (10.5)**	57.8 (8.7)**	60.8 (9.6)**	.159**	.043†
Age of 1st drink	16.9 (2.5)	15.7 (1.9)*	15.7 (1.9)†	13.7 (2.8)**	13.5 (2.0)**	.177**	.000
Frequency alcohol use, past year	2.2 (1.2)	3.1 (1.4)**	3.3 (1.6)**	5.0 (1.2)**	5.3 (1.1)**	.283**	.012
Average number of drinks, past year	0.9 (2.7)	1.9 (3.0)*	2.4 (3.5)**	7.4 (4.7)**	7.9 (4.8)**	.305**	.004
# Intoxications	1.6 (7.4)	3.0 (5.9)†	7.4 (16.1)**	31.5 (30.1)**	43.4 (35.1)**	.442**	.044*
Maximum # drinks 24 hours	3.4 (5.3)	6.7 (6.7)**	8.4 (7.2)**	21.2 (9.2)**	22.9 (9.3)**	.416**	.012
Nicotine use (# days per month)	4.4 (9.3)	6.6 (10.2)	7.9 (10.4)	20.8 (12.4)**	23.0 (11.7)**	.273**	.005
# Cigarettes smoked per day	1.9 (5.9)	1.8 (3.8)	3.2 (8.6)	12.3 (12.8)**	11.7 (10.2)**	.218**	.003
Nicotine dependence	0.3 (1.1)	0.3 (1.1)	0.4 (0.8)	2.3 (2.4)**	3.2 (2.3)**	.329**	.017
# Marijuana uses	2.4 (14.8)	3.7 (16.3)	1.7 (9.3)	9.8 (23.4)**	22.6 (36.4)**	.178**	.017
# Different drug classes tried	0.2 (0.8)	0.3 (0.6)	0.3 (0.6)	1.1 (1.7)**	1.4 (1.7)**	.162**	.003
Drug dependence	0.1 (0.8)	0.2 (1.0)	0.1 (0.8)	0.7 (1.4)*	1.1 (2.2)**	.065**	.001
Antisocial Behavior/Behavioral Disinhibition
Early adolescent problem behavior	0.7 (0.9)	1.0 (1.0)	1.1 (0.9)*	1.7 (1.3)**	2.5 (1.3)**	.167**	.038†
Delinquent behavior inventory	3.2 (3.1)	4.0 (3.2)	5.8 (3.9)**	7.6 (5.5)**	11.7 (5.5)**	.187**	.081**
Behavioral disinhibition scale	2.6 (2.0)	3.1(2.2)	3.7 (2.1)**	4.3 (3.0)†	6.9 (2.2)**	.140**	.080*
Conduct disorder	1.2 (1.6)	1.7 (2.0)	1.9 (1.8)**	3.2 (2.5)**	3.4 (2.2)**	.101**	.004
Adult antisocial behavior	0.5 (0.8)	0.5	1.1 (1.0)**	2.4 (1.9)**	3.0 (1.6)**	.321**	.043*
Mental Health Problems
Major Depression	0.8 (2.0)	0.4 (1.1)	0.7 (1.8)	1.1 (2.6)	1.1 (2.1)	.022	.005
Teacher rating internalizing	52.5 (10.8)	52.8 (11.4)	53.1 (11.0)	60.2 (12.4)*	58.3 (13.3)†	.048†	.001
Treatment for emotional problem	0.1 (0.3)	0.1 (0.3)	0.2(0.4)	0.5 (0.6)**	0.4 (0.6)*	.056*	.000

^†p < .05;

^*p < .01;

^**p < .001.

Adol = Adolescent. Adol onset = AUD present at age 17; Adult onset = AUD present at age 20 or 24; Persist = AUD present age 29; Desist = 0 AUD symptoms at age 29. Values in the columns for the AUD groups are the means and standard deviations for the respective group and measure. Symbols indicating significance levels on these values indicate whether the mean for the given AUD group is significantly different from the mean of the Never group (i.e., individuals who never meet criteria for an AUD between age 17 to 29). The partial eta squared (η²) in the Adolescent Onset and Persistent Course columns are a measure of predictive power of the given variable after controlling for the other.