Table 3.
Environmental Risk and Protective Factors at age 17.
| Never (n=226) | Adult Onset, Desist (n=84) | Adult Onset, Persist (n=58) | Adol Onset, Desist (n=22) | Adol Onset, Persist (n=35) | Adolescent Onset (η2) | Persistent Course (η2) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parent Characteristics | |||||||
| Mother education, occupational status, and income | 50.2 (10.1) | 50.1 (10.1) | 50.9 (11.8) | 48.8 (8.6) | 45.7 (8.8) † | .024 | .000 |
| Father education, occupational status, and income | 50.7 (9.8) | 52.6 (10.7) | 51.8 (11.0) | 47.4 (8.7) | 43.9 (7.6)** | .090** | .007 |
| Mother Externalizing | 48.6 (8.4) | 49.1 (9.4) | 51.2 (12.3) | 55.9 (13.1)* | 50.9 (8.8) | .018 | .004 |
| Father Externalizing | 48.2 (8.1) | 48.1 (8.7) | 52.9 (12.6) † | 51.3 (16.5) | 55.4 (10.1)* | .012 | .039† |
| Mother-child relationship quality | 50.6 (8.4) | 48.9 (9.3) | 49.0 (8.9) | 44.7 (16.4)* | 44.8 (10.8)* | .031 | .000 |
| Father-child relationship quality | 52.0 (8.3) | 51.5 (8.3) | 52.0 (7.7) | 44.2 (13.3)* | 45.6 (10.3)** | .097** | .002 |
| Stressful life events | |||||||
| Family-level stressful life events | 2.2 (2.5) | 2.2 (2.5) | 3.0 (2.9) | 3.7(3.3) | 3.6 (3.3) † | .024 | .008 |
| School problems | 1.0 (1.6) | 1.0 (1.8) | 1.5 (2.0) † | 2.3 (2.3) † | 2.7 (2.4)** | .073** | .015 |
| Legal and alcohol/drug problems | 0.2 (0.6) | 0.3 (0.8) | 0.6 (1.1)* | 2.0 (1.6)** | 2.0 (1.4)** | .267** | .008 |
| Peers | |||||||
| Prosocial peers | 51.7 (9.2) | 53.1 (9.4) | 50.3 (10.6) | 43.1 (12.1)* | 42.2 (10.0)** | .130** | .012 |
| Antisocial peers | 47.8 (8.1) | 47.8 (8.0) | 52.0 (10.1) † | 60.3 (13.4)** | 63.7 (13.3)** | .210** | .036† |
p < .05;
p < .01;
p < .001.
Adol = Adolescent. Adol onset = AUD present at age 17; Adult onset = AUD present at age 20 or 24; Persist = AUD present age 29; Desist = 0 AUD symptoms at age 29. Values in the columns for the AUD groups are the means and standard deviations for the respective group and measure. Symbols indicating significance levels on these values indicate whether the mean for the given AUD group is significantly different from the mean of the Never group (i.e., individuals who never meet criteria for an AUD between age 17to 29). The partial eta squared (η2) in the Adolescent Onset and Persistent Course columns are a measure of predictive power of the given variable after controlling for the other.