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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2010 Feb 24;34(5):819–833. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01154.x

Table 4.

Substance Use and Mental Health Outcomes at age 29.

Never (n=226) Adult Onset, Desist (n=84) Adult Onset, Persist (n=58) Adol Onset, Desist (n=22) Adol Onset, Persist (n=35) Adolescent Onset (η2) Persistent Course (η2)
Period of heaviest use
Average number of drinks 4.8 (2.8) 6.6 (3.1)** 9.3 (2.8)** 8.3 (2.7)** 9.4 (3.1)** .019 .074**
Max # drinks in 24 hours 13.3 (7.7) 18.9 (7.9)** 25.4 (8.5)** 21.2 (7.1)** 27.9 (10.3)** .016 .127**
Substance Use Last 6 years
Average number of drinks 2.8 (2.0) 3.2 (1.8) 5.9 (2.8)** 3.3 (2.3) 6.9 (3.1)** .012 .265**
Max # drinks in 24 hours 9.6 (6.8) 9.9 (4.5) 20.7 (6.7)** 12.6 (7.5) † 24.5 (10.4)** .046* .394**
Nicotine dependence 0.8 (1.5) 1.0 (1.6) 2.0 (2.0)** 1.4 (2.2) 2.5 (2.0)** .013 .072**
# Marijuana uses 7.1 (24.2) 8.7 (25.0) 19.7 (35.7)** 23.0 (42.7) † 45.8 (48.0)** .051* .083**
# Different drug classes used 0.6 (1.1) 1.1 (1.6)* 1.9 (2.2)** 2.1 (2.3)** 2.9 (2.5)** .050* .034†
Drug dependence 0.1 (0.8) 0.3 (1.4) 0.7 (1.8)** 0.5 (1.3) 2.1 (2.5)** .037† .059*
Mental Health Last 6 years
Adult antisocial behavior 0.6 (0.7) 0.9 (0.9)* 1.6 (1.2)** 0.9 (1.2) 2.1 (1.2)** .010 .127**
Legal and alcohol/drug problems 0.2 (0.6) 0.2 (0.6) 1.2 (1.5)** 0.3 (0.6) 1.3 (1.4)** .002 .168**
Major depression 1.0 (2.2) 0.5 (1.6) 1.0 (2.1) 0.9 (2.0) 1.7 (3.1) .013 .019
Mental health problems 0.2 (0.5) 0.2 (0.6) 0.2 (0.6) 0.2 (0.5) 0.3 (0.7) .002 .002
†

p < .05;

*

p < .01;

**

p < .001.

Adol = Adolescent. Adol onset = AUD present at age 17; Adult onset = AUD present at age 20 or 24; Persist = AUD present age 29; Desist = 0 AUD symptoms at age 29. Values in the columns for the AUD groups are the means and standard deviations for the respective group and measure. Symbols indicating significance levels on these values indicate whether the mean for the given AUD group is significantly different from the mean of the Never group (i.e., individuals who never meet criteria for an AUD between age 17 to 29). The partial eta squared (η2) in the Adolescent Onset and Persistent Course columns are a measure of predictive power of the given variable after controlling for the other.