Table 5.
Social Outcomes and Social Environment at age 29.
| Never (n=226) | Adult Onset, Desist (n=84) | Adult Onset, Persist (n=58) | Adol Onset, Desist (n=22) | Adol Onset, Persist (n=35) | Adolescent Onset | Persistent Course | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marriage and children | Odds Ratio | ||||||
| Cohabitate by age 21 | 19.6% | 11.9% | 19.0% | 40.9%† | 40.0%* | 3.90** | 1.68 |
| Ever married | 65.5% | 60.7% | 51.7% | 54.5% | 45.7%† | 0.73 | 0.67 |
| Ever separated or divorced | 4.0% | 2.4% | 15.5%* | 9.1% | 20.0%** | 2.23 | 5.30* |
| Ever fathered a child | 42.7% | 45.2% | 34.5% | 50.0% | 40.0% | 1.13 | 0.67 |
| Fathered a child by age 23 | 6.2% | 6.0% | 13.8% | 22.7%* | 22.9%* | 2.93* | 2.00 |
| Partial η2 | |||||||
| Age 1st cohabitate | 23.3 (2.9) | 24.1 (2.8) | 23.9 (2.9) | 21.9 (1.9)** | 22.7 (3.6) | .049† | .000 |
| Age 1st married | 24.8 (2.3) | 25.3 (2.1) | 25.1 (3.3) | 24.0 (2.6) | 24.4 (3.7) | .024 | .000 |
| Age 1st fathered a child | 25.8 (2.8) | 26.6 (2.4) | 24.7 (3.9) | 24.0 (3.2) | 23.1 (3.3)* | .090† | .061† |
| Education, Work, Finances | |||||||
| Educational attainment | 6.2 (2.5) | 6.5 (2.2) | 5.9 (2.3) | 4.4 (2.4)* | 4.4 (2.3)* | .101** | .002 |
| Occupational status | 3.4 (1.8) | 3.4 (1.5) | 3.9 (1.7) | 4.0 (1.8) | 4.2 (1.6) | .018 | .018 |
| Income ($) | 49.4K (24.7K) | 59.8K (65.8K) | 53.5K (30.4K) | 54.1K (27.2K) | 56.5K (23.5K) | .000 | .002 |
| Financial problems | 0.6 (1.0) | 0.6 (0.9) | 0.7 (0.9) | 0.6 (1.0) | 1.3 (1.3)* | .017 | .026† |
| Social Environment | |||||||
| Prosocial peers | 50.8 (10.6) | 50.3 (8.7) | 43.5 (9.2)** | 50.2 (10.0) | 42.4 (9.8)** | .001 | .125** |
| Antisocial peers | 50.0 (8.7) | 52.9 (7.7)* | 59.4 (9.3)** | 52.5 (10.5) | 68.2 (10.6)** | .045* | .228** |
| # sex partners | 2.1 (2.4) | 2.3 (2.8) | 3.9 (4.2)* | 2.3 (1.7) | 4.8 (5.4)** | .004 | .056* |
| Romantic partner’s drinking | 46.6 (8.7) | 49.1 (8.1) | 56.8 (10.4)** | 44.8 (7.8) | 55.6 (12.7)** | .013 | .171** |
| Romantic partner’s attitudes toward substance use | 46.6 (9.9) | 48.2 (9.3) | 55.2 (8.5)** | 48.5 (7.5) | 58.0 (9.0)** | .007 | .153** |
p < .05;
p < .01;
p < .001.
Adol = Adolescent. Adol onset = AUD present at age 17; Adult onset = AUD present at age 20 or 24; Persist = AUD present age 29; Desist = 0 AUD symptoms at age 29. Values in the columns for the AUD groups are the means and standard deviations for the respective group and measure. Symbols indicating significance levels on these values indicate whether the mean for the given AUD group is significantly different from the mean of the Never group (i.e., individuals who never meet criteria for an AUD between age 17 to 29). The partial eta squared (η2) in the Adolescent Onset and Persistent Course columns are a measure of predictive power of the given variable after controlling for the other. K = 1000.