Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants from Pennsylvania (primary cohort) during the 6 months prior to initiating medication*
| Patient characteristics | Celecoxib | Rofecoxib | Valdecoxib | Diclofenac | Ibuprofen | Naproxen | Other nsNSAIDs† |
Nonusers‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | 40,865 | 27,675 | 7,542 | 4,141 | 11,796 | 10,228 | 26,849 | 46,558 |
| Age, mean ± SD years | 80 ±7 | 80 ± 7 | 80 ± 7 | 78 ± 7 | 78 ± 7 | 78 ± 7 | 80 ± 7 | 80 ± 7 |
| Female sex | 86 | 87 | 87 | 85 | 83 | 83 | 82 | 86 |
| White race | 95 | 96 | 96 | 93 | 87 | 90 | 93 | 94 |
| Hospitalized | 21.3 | 22.8 | 17.6 | 15.4 | 20.7 | 15.5 | 16.5 | 24.1 |
| Nursing home resident | 5.8 | 6.0 | 4.4 | 2.8 | 4.5 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 6.9 |
| Physician visits, mean ± SD | 5 ± 4 | 5 ± 4 | 5 ± 4 | 5 ± 4 | 5 ± 4 | 4 ± 4 | 5 ± 4 | 5 ± 4 |
| Different medications, mean ± SD |
7 ± 4 | 7 ± 4 | 7 ± 4 | 6 ± 4 | 7 ± 4 | 6 ± 4 | 7 ± 4 | 6 ± 4 |
| Myocardial infarction | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 3.9 | 4.9 | 6.4 |
| Congestive heart failure | 5.1 | 5.2 | 3.8 | 2.9 | 4.3 | 3.1 | 4.4 | 6.5 |
| Coronary revascularization | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.3 |
| Angina | 7.7 | 7.7 | 5.9 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 6.6 | 7.1 | 7.9 |
| Diabetes | 13.4 | 13.4 | 14.9 | 12.8 | 14.7 | 14.0 | 15.8 | 13.1 |
| Hypertension | 56.9 | 56.9 | 61.5 | 54.8 | 56.2 | 55.9 | 58.7 | 53.0 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 36.7 | 37.6 | 47.4 | 38.7 | 36.4 | 40.7 | 39.9 | 40.8 |
| Statin use | 25.6 | 26.7 | 32.0 | 25.9 | 26.5 | 28.8 | 28.4 | 25.2 |
| Clopidogrel use | 5.9 | 6.6 | 8.6 | 4.1 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.7 | 6.7 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.2 | 6.6 | 7.1 | 6.6 | 7.6 | 9.0 |
| Stroke | 5.5 | 5.7 | 6.7 | 3.5 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 7.3 |
| Carotid revascularization | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Chronic renal disease | 2.6 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 1.7 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 3.6 | 5.0 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 2.4 | 1.7 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.7 |
| Osteoarthritis | 22.0 | 20.2 | 26.5 | 18.4 | 12.4 | 12.3 | 13.6 | 13.9 |
| Malignancy | 2.1 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 2.5 |
| Comorbid conditions, mean ± SD |
2 ± 2 | 1 ± 2 | 2 ± 2 | 2 ± 2 | 1 ± 2 | 2 ± 2 | 1 ± 2 | 2 ± 2 |
*
Values are the percentage unless otherwise indicated. nsNSAIDs = nonselective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.
†
Other nsNSAIDs include diflunisal, etodolac, fenoprofen, flurbiprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, ketorolac, meclofenamate, mefenamic acid, meloxicam, nabumetone, oxaprozin, piroxicam, sulindac, and tolmetin.
‡
Nonusers include new users of glaucoma medications and thyroid hormones.