Table 2. Primary Depression and Pain Outcomes (Last-Observation Carried Forward).
| Clinical Outcome | Intervention (123) | Usual Care (127) | Between-Group Difference or Relative Risk (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression outcomes | ||||
| SCL-20 depression (range, 0-4) | ||||
| Baseline | 1.83 (0.66) | 1.94 (0.65) | -0.11 (-0.27 to 0.06) | .20 |
| 6-Month follow-up | 1.16 (0.77) | 1.64 (0.70) | -0.47 (-0.66 to -0.29) | <.0001 |
| 12-Month follow-up | 1.14 (0.69) | 1.69 (0.74) | -0.55 (-0.73 to -0.37) | <.0001 |
| Major depressive disorder, n (%) | ||||
| Baseline | 90 (73.2) | 97 (76.4) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.1) | .56 |
| 12-Month follow-up | 50 (40.7) | 87 (68.5) | 0.6 (0.4 to 0.8) | <.0001 |
| Depression responder (≥ 50% decrease in SCL-20 from baseline), n (%) | ||||
| 6-Month follow-up | 47 (38.2) | 18 (14.2) | 2.7 (1.8 to 3.8) | <.0001 |
| 12-Month follow-up | 46 (37.4) | 21 (16.5) | 2.3 (1.5 to 3.2) | .0002 |
| Pain outcomes | ||||
| Brief Pain Inventory severity (range, 0-10) | ||||
| Baseline | 6.16 (1.76) | 6.14 (1.78) | 0.02 (-0.42 to 0.46) | .92 |
| 6-Month follow-up | 5.24 (2.51) | 5.86 (2.20) | -0.63 (-1.22 to -0.04) | .0361 |
| 12-Month follow-up | 5.08 (2.54) | 6.03 (2.08) | -0.95 (-1.53 to -0.38) | .0014 |
| Brief Pain Inventory interference (range, 0-10) | ||||
| Baseline | 6.84 (2.15) | 7.09 (1.97) | -0.25 (-0.76 to 0.26) | .34 |
| 6-Month follow-up | 5.05 (2.84) | 6.30 (2.53) | -1.25 (-1.92 to -0.58) | .0003 |
| 12-Month follow-up | 4.96 (2.75) | 6.48 (2.43) | -1.52 (-2.16 to -0.87) | <.0001 |
| Brief Pain Inventory total (range, 0-10) * | ||||
| Baseline | 6.62 (1.85) | 6.77 (1.74) | -0.15 (-0.60 to 0.30) | .51 |
| 6-Month follow-up | 5.04 (2.57) | 6.14 (2.31) | -1.11 (-1.72 to -0.50) | .0004 |
| 12-Month follow-up | 4.94 (2.54) | 6.33 (2.18) | -1.39 (-1.98 to -0.80) | <.0001 |
| Pain responder (≥ 30% decrease in BPI total from baseline), n (%) | ||||
| 6-Month follow-up | 47 (38.2) | 22 (17.3) | 2.2 (1.4 to 3.0) | .0002 |
| 12-Month follow-up | 51 (41.5) | 22 (17.3) | 2.4 (1.6 to 3.2) | <.0001 |
| Composite outcome | ||||
| Composite responder (≥ 50% decrease in SCL-20 and ≥ 30% decrease in BPI total from baseline), n (%) | ||||
| 6-Month follow-up | 29 (23.6) | 10 (7.9) | 3.0 (1.6 to 5.1) | .0006 |
| 12-Month follow-up | 32 (26.0) | 10 (7.9) | 3.3 (1.8 to 5.4) | .0001 |
*
BPI total is the average of the 11 items of the BPI severity (4 items) and BPI interference (7 items) scales.