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Lipoyl moieties. (A) The biologically active R stereoisomer of lipoate. (B) The oxidized lipoyl cofactor, lipoamide, bound to a conserved lysine residue of the E2 subunit of lipoylated complexes. Lipoamide and dihydrolipoamide are also attached to the H protein of the glycine cleavage complex. (C) The reduced form of the lipoyl cofactor, dihydrolipoamide, shown bound to a conserved lysine residue of the E2 subunit of lipoylated complexes.
