Table 2.
Known homologies of sex chromosomes in teleost fish
| Species | Linkage group (LG) | Genes | Gac | Tni | Ola | Dre | TEL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus |
XX/XY - LG 19 |
CYP19B WT1A |
LG 19 LG 19 |
LG 13 Sc14539 |
LG 6 LG 6 |
LG 25 LG 25 |
7 |
| Ninespine stickleback Pungitius pungitius |
XX/XY - LG 12 |
PAX7 MITFB |
LG 12 LG 12 |
LG 11 LG 9 |
LG 5 LG 7 |
LG11 LG 23 |
3 |
| Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus |
XX/XY - LG 1 |
CYP19A WT1B |
LG 2 LG 2 |
LG 5 LG 5 |
LG 3 LG 3 |
LG 18 LG 18 |
7 |
| Spotted tilapia Tilapia mariae |
ZZ/ZW - LG 3 |
TRP1/TYRP1A DMO/DMRT4 |
LG 7 LG 7 |
Sc14681 Sc7577 |
LG 18 LG 18 |
LG 7 NF |
? |
| Lake Malawi cichlids non-OB phenotype |
XX/XY - LG 7 |
IGF2 WT1A |
LG 19 LG 19 |
LG 13 Sc14539 |
Sc1060 LG 6 |
LG 25 LG 25 |
7 |
| Lake Malawi cichlids OB phenotype |
ZZ/ZW - LG 5 |
PAX7 Opsins |
LG 12 LG 17 |
LG 11 LG 11 |
LG 5 LG 5 |
LG 11 LG 6,11 |
3 |
| Tiger pufferfish Takifugu rubripes |
XX/XY - LG 19 | overall AMHR2 |
LG 17 LG 17 |
LG 11 LG 11 |
LG 5 LG 7 |
NA NF |
3 |
| Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes and Oryzias curvinotus |
XX/XY - LG 1 |
TYRP1B LEF1 |
LG 9 LG 9 |
Sc13631 LG 18 |
LG 1 LG 1 |
LG 1 LG 1 |
4 |
| Oryzias luzonensis | XX/XY - LG 12 |
SLC45A2 (b locus) |
LG 14 | LG 4 | LG 12 | LG 21 | 6 |
| Oryzias mekongensis | XX/XY - LG 2 |
XDH POMC |
LG 1 | LG 3 | LG 2 | NF | 1 |
| Oryzias minutillus | XX/XY - LG 8 |
HOXBA SOX9B |
LG 11 LG 11 |
Sc14653 LG 3 |
LG 8 LG 8 |
LG 3 LG 3 |
1 |
| Oryzias dancena | XX/XY - LG10 |
SOX3 FGF9 |
LG 4 LG 4 |
LG 1 LG 1 |
LG 10 LG 10 |
LG 14 LG 14 |
5 |
| Oryzias hubbsi | ZZ/ZW - LG 5 | Opsins WNT4A |
LG 17 LG 17 |
LG 11 LG 11 |
LG 5 LG 5 |
LG 6,11 LG 11 |
3 |
| Oryzias javanicus | ZZ/ZW - LG 16 |
HOXAB WNT4B RSPO1 |
LG 10 NF LG 20 |
LG 8 UN NF |
LG 16 LG 16 LG 16 |
LG 16 LG 16 LG 16 |
8 |
| Guppy Poecilia reticulata |
XX/XY - LG 12 | SLC45A2 | LG 14 | LG 4 | LG 12 | LG 21 | 6 |
| Platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus |
XX/XY - LG 24 | MC4R | LG 21 | Sc14565 | LG 20 | LG 2 | 12 |
| DMRT1 | LG 13 | LG 12 | LG 9 | LG 5 | 6 | ||
The positions of DMRT1 and various sex-linked genes in teleost fish species were identified by BLAT searches of the Gasterosteus aculeatus (Gac), Tetraodon nigrividis (Tni), Oryzias latipes (Ola), and Danio rerio (Dre) genomes in the Ensembl genome browser release 56. The positions of genes are indicated by linkage groups (LG), unless the gene was not found in a genome assembly (NF), in an unassembled region of the genome (UN), or on a scaffold (Sc) that has not yet been assigned to a linkage group. The homologies between different fish sex chromosomes can be seen in the column indicating its ancestral teleost protokaryotype (TEL), which was inferred on the basis of the assignment of sex-linked genes to the Tni, Ola, and Dre linkage groups [67]. AMHR2, anti-Müllerian hormone receptor, type II; CYP19A, cytochrome P450, family 19, paralogous gene a; CYP19B, cytochrome P450, family 19, paralogous gene b; DMRT4, doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 4; HOXAB, Hox cluster A, paralogous subgroup B; HOXBA, Hox cluster B, paralogous subgroup A; IGF2, insulin-related growth factor 2; LEF1, lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1; MITFB, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor b; PAX7, paired box 7; POMC, proopiomelanocortin; MC4R, melanocortin 4 receptor; SLC45A2, solute carrier family 45, member 2; TYRP1A, tyrosinase-related protein 1; WT1A, Wilms tumor 1a; WT1B, Wilms tumor 1b; XDH, xanthine dehydrogenase.