. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jun 14.

Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2009 Oct 26;8(12):969–981. doi: 10.1038/nrd3031

Table 2. Histone deacetylase inhibitors in development for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

Company (and partner)	Compound(s); structural group	Target effects	Indication(s)	Development stage^*
Acetylon	Multiple hydroxamic acid derivatives	HDAC6-selective	Rheumatoid arthritis	Discovery
Chipscreen Biosciences	CS0240-CS0600	Series of subclass-selective HDACIs	Neurodegenerative diseases, viral infections, immuno-modulation	Preclinical
Chroma Therapeutics (and GlaxoSmithKline)	CHR3996; hydroxamic acid	Orally active class I-selective HDACI that blocks macrophage production of TNF-α	Inflammatory disease, for example, rheumatoid arthritis	Discovery
Envivo Pharmaceuticals (and Methylgene)	EVP-0334	HDACI that blocks TNF-α production	Neurodegenerative diseases	Phase I
Italfarmaco	ITF2357 (Givinostat); hydroxamic acid	Orally active pan-HDACI that reduces the production and activity of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18 and IFN-γ)	Inflammatory diseases, including juvenile arthritis¹¹³	Phase II
Karus Therapeutics and EOS Pharmaceutical Corporation	OS-HDI and other depsipeptide derivatives	OS-HDI is an HDAC1-selective inhibitor	Rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and transplantation	Preclinical
Pharmacyclics	PCI-34051; hydroxamic acid	HDAC8-selective inhibitor that blocks production of multiple cytokine s (IL-1β, IL-18)	Psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis	Preclinical
Syndax	SYDX-275 (etinostat, MS275); benzamide	HDAC1-3 inhibition	Psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis⁹⁸	Preclinical

Information on company website. HDAC, histone deacetylase; HDACI, histone deacetylase inhibitor; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.