Biological Activities of Aqueous and Organic Extracts from Tropical Marine Sponges

. 2010 Apr 28;8(5):1550–1566. doi: 10.3390/md8051550

Species	S #	Hemolytic activity	Antibacterial activity (inhibition zone mm)		Hem- agglutination	AChE inhibition					PP1 activation/inhibition

			B. subtilis	E. coli		aqueous		Organic			aqueous		organic

						aq	aqh	A	B	M	aq	aqh	A	B	M
Agelas clathrodes	81	+++^A,B,M	2^aq, 3^aqh					+++	+	+++					i
			2^A, 2^B, 5^M
Agelas conifera	34		.5^A, 8^B, 10^M	.5^A, 8^B, 10^M		+++	+++		+++	+++
Agelas conifera	97		4^A, 2^B, 9^M	1.5^A,1^B, 6^M		+++	+++	+		+++		i	i	i
Agelas dispar	58									+++					iii
Agelas dispar	88		2^A, 2^B, 3^M				+	+	++	++		i	i	ii	i
Agelas schmidti	54		9^A, 9^B, 9^M	0.5^B
Aplysina archeri	40		3.5^aq 3^A, 5^B, 4^M	2^A, 1^B, 1^M	+^aq	+++	+++	+	+	++			iii	iii	iii
Aplysina archeri	61	++^A,B	6^aq 3^A, 3^B, 6^M	2^aq 1^A, 1^B, 3^M	+^aqh	+				+++		ii
Alpysina cauliformis	84	++^A,B, +^M	2^aq 2^A,2^B,3^M							++	ii	ii
Aplysina fistularis	57	++^A,B	2^A, 2^B, 2^M	1^A, 1^B, .5^M								ii
Aplysina fulva	10	+++^A, ++^B,M	6^aq 3^A, 3^B, 10^M	4^aq 2^A, 1^B, 6^M		+	+			+++	ii	ii
Aplysina lacunosa	41	++^A,B, +^M	2^A, 2^B, 2^M				+			+
Aplysina lacunosa	112		3^A, 3^B, 2^M		+^aq	+++	+++	+	+	+++			ii	ii
Callyspongia plicifera	9		2^A, 1^B, 2^M							+	i	i	ii	ii	i
Callyspongia plicifera	67		3^A, 2^B, 2^M							+		ii	i	ii	i
Callyspongia plicifera	103		3^A, 2^B, 1^M	1^A, 2^B, 1^M									i	ii	iii
Callyspongia plicifera	127		2^A, 2^B, 1^M									a
Callyspongia vaginalis	15		1^A, 1^B	1^B									ii	i	iii
Callyspongia vaginalis	48		2^A, 2^B, 2^M	1^B, 2^M						+		ii	ii	iii	iii
Callyspongia vaginalis	66		3^A, 4^B, 1^M		+^aq			+	+	++		i	i	i	i
Geodia neptuni	87	+^A,M	3^A, 2^B, 2^M					++				ii
Holopsamma helwigi	5		3^A, 5^B, 2^M		+^aq					+			ii	ii	ii
Holopsamma helwigi	122				+^aq
Iotrochota birotulata	77		4^A, 4^B, 4^M	1^A, 4^B, 4^M	+^aq, +^aqh	++	+	+++	++	+++			i	iii
Ircinia campana	70	+^A,B	7^A, 5^B, 6^M					+	+	++		a	ii	i	i
Ircinia felix	59	+++^A,B,M	5^aq, 5.3^aqh 9^A,10^B, 9^M				+	++	++	++		a	i	ii	ii
Ircinia felix	93	+^A,M, ++^B	3^aq, 2.1^aqh 13^A,12^B, 9^M			++	+	+	++	++		a	i	ii	iii
Ircinia felix	129	+++^A	5^A, 2^B, 5^M										ii	i	ii
Ircinia strobilina	56	++^A, +^B	0.5^aq 10^A, 3^B, 4^M					+		+		a	i	i	i
Ircinia strobilina	124	+++^A,M, ++^B	9^A, 2^B, 10^M							+	ii				i
Lissodendoryx colombiensis	51	+^aq ++^A, +^B	4^aq 2^A, 2^B, 7^M	2^aq 2^M	+^aq						ii	ii	i	i
Lissodendoryx colombiensis	110	+++^A	10^A, 3^B, 4^M	1^A				++	+	+++			i		ii
Myrmekioderma styx	86	++^A, +^B	4^A, 4^B, 3^M	.5^A, .5^B, .5^M	+^aq, +^aqh			++	++			a
Neofibularia nolitangere	49	++^A, +^B	2^A, 2^B, 2^M	.5^A
Neofibularia nolitangere	83		3^A, 3^B, 2^M	1^M					+	+			ii	iii	iii
Neofibularia nolitangere	94		4^A, 4^B, 3^M	2^A, 1^M		++						i	i	i	i
Pandaros acanthifolium	14		3^A, 2^B, 2^M	1^A, 1^B, 1^M										i	ii
Pandaros acanthifolium	76	+++^aq	3^A, 2^B, 5^M	.5^A, .5^B, .5^M				+	+	+	iii	iii	ii	i	i
Pseudoceratina crassa	2		3^aq 7^A, 3^B, 7^M	1^B	+^aq	+	+	+	+	++				i	ii
Pseudoceratina crassa	104	+++^A, ++^M	3^A, 2^B, 2^M		+^aq	+		++			ii	ii	i	i
Scopalina ruetzleri	78		2^A, 1^B, 2^M			+	+						i		i
Spheciospongia vesparium	45		2^A, 2^B, 2^M	1^A,1^M			+			++			i	i
Spheciospongia vesparium	69	+++^aq ++^B, +++^M	2^A, 2^M			+	+			++	iii	iii		i	iii
Topsentia ophiraphidites	99	+++^aq, +++^aqh, +++^A, ++^M	7^aq, 8^aqh 7^A, 7^B, 7^M	3^aqh 4^A, 4^B, 4^M		+++	++	+++	+++	+++	ii	ii	ii	i
Tridideum misolidum	79		3^A, 2^B, 2^M	1^A, 2^B									ii	ii	ii
Verongula gigantea	44		5^A, 4^B, 4^M	1^A, 1^B, 1^M		+++	++	+	+	++		a	i	i	i
Verongula rigida	38		5^aq, 5.2^aqh	1^aqh				+	++	++		a	i	i	i
			6^A, 6^B, 6^M	1^A, 1^B
Verongula rigida	105	+^A	5^aq 7^A, 3^B, 10^M	1^A, 2^M		+		+		+
Xestospongia muta	53	+++^B,M	10^A, 7^B, 6^M												i
Xestospongia muta	95		4^A, 6^B, 5^M						+	+		i
Unidentified A21	114	+^aq	2^A, 1^B, 5^M	2^M
Unidentified A33	28	++^A,B,M	3^aq, 2^aqh		+^aq	+++	+++			+++		ii		iii	iii
Unidentified A34	25	++^A,B	5^A, 4^B, 4^M
Unidentified 1	21		2^A, 2^B, 3^M	1^A, 1^B		++	++	+	+	+++		ii	iii	iii	iii
Unidentified 2	32	+^B	4^A, 4^B, 3^M	1^A, 1^B, 1^M		+++	+++	+	++	++			ii	ii	ii
Unidentified 3	96		2^A, 3^B, 2^M						+	++			i	i	ii
Unidentified 4	117	++^aq	3^A, 3^B, 2^M		+^aq	+	+	+	+	+		a	i	i	i

^aq

aqueous unheated,

^aqh

aqueous heated

Organic extracts: A (acetone), B (butanol), M (methanol)

Hemolytic activity: +, moderate activity (t₅₀ between 10 and 15 min); ++, strong activity (t₅₀ between 5 and 10 min); +++, very strong activity (t₅₀ between 0 and 5 min).

t₅₀ = half-time of hemolysis, e.g. the time in which 50% of erythrocytes are lysed.

AChE inhibition: +, moderate inhibition (0–33%); ++, strong inhibition (34–66%); +++, very strong inhibition (67–100%).

PP1 activation/inhibition: a, activation (up to 100%); i, moderate inhibition (0–33%); ii, strong inhibition (34–66%); iii, very strong inhibition (67–100%).

S# sample number.