Table 1.
Select sample characteristics in the Carolina African American Twin Study of Aging (N = 699) by Time of Reported Financial Strain
| Total (N= 699) | Childhood and adulta (N = 77) | Childhood onlyb (N= 79) | Adult onlyc (N = 151) | No straind (N = 392) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age, years (SD) | 49.8 (14.6) | 56 (14.5) | 52.4 (14.4) | 50.5 (14.6) | 47 (13.9) |
| Mean BMI | 29.5 (6.78) | 30.7 (8.6) | 28.6 (5.6) | 29.9 (7.4) | 29.4 (6.3) |
| Disabled, e% | 22.4 | 41.6 | 24.1 | 32.4 | 14.6 |
| Decreased Pulmonary Capacity,f% | 52.0 | 58.9 | 56.6 | 60.8 | 45.0 |
| Depression Scoreg | 6.1 (5.5) | 7.8 (5.8) | 5.1 (5.0) | 7.5 (5.9) | 5.5 (5.3) |
| Cognition scorei | 30.5 | 28.6 (5.9) | 29.6 (4.5) | 29.5 (5.0) | 31.5 (4.8) |
financial strain at both childhood and adulthood
financial strain in childhood only
financial strain in adulthood only
financial strain at neither time point.
Percentage of participants reporting that they have difficulty in at least one Activity of Daily Living (see text for details)
< 80% of the expected PEF for the individual’s height, age, and gender.
Measured with the short form of the CES-D. Scores >9 are considered to indicate depression.
Number of diagnosed conditions reported from the following list: hypertension, diabetes, stroke, arthritis, and heart disease.
Assessed with the TICS. Scores <30 are considered indicative of cognitive impairment.