Table 1.
Components of the TOR pathway that modulate lifespan in various species.
| Model system | Dietary manipulation/assay | Proteins implicated | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| M. musculus | None | TOR | (Harrison et al., 2009) |
| M. musculus | None | S6K | (Selman et al., 2009) |
| D. melanogaster | Yeast restriction | TOR, TSC1, TSC2, S6K | (Kapahi et al., 2004) |
| D. melanogaster | Yeast restriction | 4E-BP, Mitochondrial ETC | (Zid et al., 2009) |
| C. elegans | None | TOR | (Vellai et al., 2003) |
| C. elegans | None | Raptor | (Jia et al., 2004) |
| C. elegans | None | S6K, eIF4F complex | (Pan et al., 2007) |
| C. elegans | None | Translation factors, ribosomal proteins | (Hansen et al., 2007) |
| C. elegans | None | eIF4E | (Syntichaki et al., 2007) |
| C. elegans | None | Translation factors, ribosomal proteins | (Curran and Ruvkun, 2007) |
| C. elegans | Bacterial restriction | AMPK, DAF-16 | (Greer et al., 2007)) |
| C. elegans | None | Translation factors, ribosomal proteins | (Chen et al., 2007) |
| C. elegans | None | autophagy | (Hansen et al., 2008) |
| C. elegans | None | S6K, PHA-4 | (Sheaffer et al., 2008) |
| C. elegans | None | DAF-15, autophagy | (Toth et al., 2008) |
| C. elegans | Intermittent fasting | RHEB-1, DAF-16 | (Honjoh et al., 2009) |
| C. elegans | Bacterial restriction | S6K, HIF-1, EGL-9, IRE-1, Raptor | (Chen et al., 2009b) |
| C. elegans | None | TOR-interacting proteins | (Bell et al., 2009) |
| S. cerevisiae | Glucose restriction (replicative lifespan) | TOR, SCH9 | (Kaeberlein et al., 2005) |
| S. cerevisiae | Glucose restriction (chronological lifespan) | Mitochondrial ETC genes | (Bonawitz et al., 2007) |
| S. cerevisiae | Glucose restriction (replicative lifespan) | TOR, MSN2, MSN4, PNC1 | (Medvedik et al., 2007) |
| S. cerevisiae | Glucose restriction (replicative lifespan) | GCN4, 60S ribosomal subunit, TOR | (Steffen et al., 2008) |
| S. cerevisiae | Glucose restriction (chronological lifespan) | TOR, SCH9, RIM15, MSN2/4, GIS1 | (Wei et al., 2008) |
| S. cerevisiae | Glucose restriction (chronological lifespan) | TOR, SCH9, glycerol synthesis | (Wei et al., 2009) |
A list of studies that have demonstrated a role for genes in the TOR pathway or its interacting proteins to mediate lifespan extension by nutrient manipulation or under standard laboratory conditions in different model systems.